The Extreme Ultraviolet Imager Investigation for the IMAGE Mission

The Extreme Ultraviolet Imager (EUV) of the IMAGE Mission will study the distribution of He⁺ in Earth's plasmasphere by detecting its resonantly-scattered emission at 30.4 nm. It will record the structure and dynamics of the cold plasma in Earth's plasmasphere on a global scale. The 30.4-nm feature is relatively easy to measure because it is the brightest ion emission from the plasmasphere, it is spectrally isolated, and the background at that wavelength is negligible. Measurements are easy to interpret because the plasmaspheric He⁺ emission is optically thin, so its brightness is directly proportional to the He⁺ column abundance. Effective imaging of the plasmaspheric He⁺ requires global `snapshots in which the high apogee and the wide field of view of EUV provide in a single exposure a map of the entire plasmasphere. EUV consists of three identical sensor heads, each having a field of view 30° in diameter. These sensors are tilted relative to one another to cover a fan-shaped field of 84°×30°, which is swept across the plasmasphere by the spin of the satellite. EUVs spatial resolution is 0.6° or 0.1 R _E in the equatorial plane seen from apogee. The sensitivity is 1.9 count s^–1 Rayleigh^–1, sufficient to map the position of the plasmapause with a time resolution of 10 min.     

Climate Observations - The Instrumental Record

A survey is given of the available instrumental data for monitoring and analysis of climatic variations. We focus on temperature measurements, both over land and ocean, at the surface and aloft.Over land, the older observations were subject to exposure changes which may not have been fully compensated. The effects of urbanization have been largely avoided in studies of climatic change over the last 150 years. There are few records for pre-1850 outside Europe and eastern North America, and the global network shows a recent decline. Over the ocean, sea surface temperature (SST) has been measured using buckets, engine intakes, hull sensors, buoys, and satellites. Many of these data have been effectively homogenized, but new challenges arise as observing systems evolve. Available SST and marine air temperature datasets begin in the 1850s. The data are concentrated in shipping lanes especially before 1900, and very sparse during the world wars, but additional historical data are being digitized.The radiosonde record is short (40 years) and has major gaps over the oceans, tropics and Southern Hemisphere. Instrumental heterogeneities are beginning to be assessed and removed using physical and statistical techniques. The MSU record is complete but only began in 1979, and is not highly resolved in the vertical: major biases, mainly affecting the lower-tropospheric retrieval, have been reduced as a result of recent analyses.Advanced interpolation or data-assimilation techniques are being applied to these data, but the results must be interpreted with care.     

混流式水泵工况起动过渡过程导叶漏水的计算

本文利用动量矩定理推导出抽水蓄能电站水泵轮机导叶漏水量与漏水转矩的计算公式。同时在考虑漏水转矩的情况下,完成了两座抽水蓄能电站混流式水泵机组泵工况起动过渡过程的校核计算,分析了导叶间隙、漏水量等对起动过程的重要影响,过大的导叶间隙将使机组不能起动。计算分析表明,本文提出的考虑导叶间隙漏水影响进行泵工况起动过渡过程的计算方法是正确的。正确考虑漏水转矩影响,对水泵水轮机的运行特性和过滤过程的准确计算具     

尖脊(Caret)进气道地面气动特性试验研究

在地面静止状态下试验研究了尖脊进气道气动特性以及唇口厚度对进气道性能影响 ,给出了进气道各侧壁沿程静压分布及其出口总压分布图谱 ,研究了进气口流动特点及其对出口总压畸变流场的影响。试验表明 ,Caret进气道进口存在一大一小的反向旋转涡 ,该旋涡的作用使得进气道高、低压区均旋转了 90°以上。进口下唇口和外唇口厚度对地面静止状态下的进气道总压恢复系数和总压畸变指数有较大的影响 ,为进气唇口厚度的选择提供了依据。     

Dynamics of an Eddy-Current-Torqued Gyro-Stabilized Assembly

Prominent among the commonly encountered gyro-stabilized assemblies used in guidance and tracking are those which are eddy-current torqued. Although eddy-current-torquecd lead- computing gunsights, which use spinning mirrors, have been well known for thirty years, it has been difficult to find an analysis of the torques developed by the precession mechanism. In this paper a model configuration of the torquer is presented. The total gyro dynamics are then determined by including these torque terms in the model presented in the preceding paper.     

弹道导弹自由段飞行中的守恒量及其应用

从精确弹道计算所用的数学模型出发，指出了弹性在自由段飞行中的两个具有明确物理意义的运动守恒量，并给出了用发射坐标系下的运动参数求这些守恒量的简洁计算公式。这两个守恒量可作为一种简单、实用的辅助评估手段用于计算结果可信性分析以及导弹发射诸元的校验。     

壁面加热湍流标度律的实验研究

用热线风速仪测量了风洞中壁面加热和不加热平板湍流边界层不同法向位置的流向速度和温度的时间序列信号，研究了壁面加热的边条件和不同法向位置的剪切作用对速度和温度增量的p阶结构函数的非线性反常标度律的影响，实验结果表明，壁面加热的边界条件不同法向位置的剪切作用对层次结构模型中间歇参数β和最奇异指数γ的影响明显存在，并初步分析了在具有强剪切作用的壁湍流中这种影响产生的原因。     

An Algorithm for Designing Burst Waveforms with Quantized Transmitter Weights

An algorithm is described which finds optimum transmitter and receiver weights to maximize clutter suppression in a predetermined clutter region when using burst waveforms. It is assumed that the transmitter weights can only take on values from a finite set. This optimization problem is solved using a branch and bound algorithm. An example is given which shows the improvement in clutter suppression when this new design procedure is used as compared to a simpler nonoptimal procedure.     

三维极坐标视线动力学

阐述了极坐标视线动力学方程的研究现状。建立了三维极坐标视线动力学方程，讨论了该动力学方程的简化问题，得到了特殊平面（攻击平面）内的简化形式，该简化形式在特定的条件下与三维极坐标视线动力学方程是等价的。     

冷等离子体处理对碳纤维缝编织物/环氧复合材料界面性能的影响

采用冷等离子体对碳纤维缝编织物进行表面处理 ,并采用XRD对处理前后的碳纤维表面结构进行了分析 ,研究了冷等离子体处理对浸润性以及碳纤维缝编织物 /环氧复合材料的层间剪切强度的影响。实验结果表明 ,冷等离子体处理提高了碳纤维表面活性、浸润性 ,从而改善了碳纤维缝编织物 /环氧复合材料的界面粘结性能 ,进而改善了复合材料的界面性能。