Relativistic electrons high doses at International Space Station and Foton M2/M3 satellites

The paper presents observation of relativistic electrons. Data are collected by the Radiation Risk Radiometer-Dosimeters (R3D) B2/B3 modifications during the flights of Foton M2/M3 satellites in 2005 and 2007 as well as by the R3DE instrument at the European Technology Exposure Facility (EuTEF) on the Columbus External Payload Adaptor at the International Space Station (ISS) in the period February 20 – April 28, 2008. On the Foton M2/M3 satellites relativistic electrons are observed more frequently than on the ISS because of higher (62.8°) inclination of the orbit. At both Foton satellites the usual duration of the observations are a few minutes long. On the ISS the duration usually is about 1 min or less. The places of observations of high doses due to relativistic electrons are distributed mainly at latitudes above 50° geographic latitude in both hemispheres on Foton M2/M3 satellites. A very high maximum is found in the southern hemisphere at longitudinal range 0°–60°E. At the ISS the maximums are observed between 45° and 52° geographic latitude in both hemispheres mainly at longitudes equatorward from the magnetic poles. The measured absolute maximums of dose rates generated by relativistic electrons are found to be as follows: 304 μGy h⁻¹ behind 1.75 g cm⁻² shielding at Foton M2, 2314 μGy h⁻¹ behind 0.71 g cm⁻² shielding at Foton M3 and 19,195 μGy h⁻¹ (Flux is 8363 cm⁻² s⁻¹) behind les than 0.4 g cm⁻² shielding at ISS.     

System of works on numerical modeling of the dynamics of the structure of the Space Radiotelescope in the RadioAstron project

The results of modeling the dynamics of the Space Radiotelescope are presented. The results of ground-based vibration-dynamic tests are used to validate the calculation models and estimate the damping levels. The dynamic distortions of the reflecting surface caused by the operation of the pointing mechanism of the high-gain antenna are estimated.     

The results of flight tests of an attitude control system for the Chibis-M microsatellite

The attitude control system of the Chibis-M microsatellite is described. Results of flight experiments on damping the initial angular velocity (made using magnetorquers) are considered, as well as stabilization in the orbital referece frame, and orientation of solar arrays toward the Sun using reaction wheels. The operation of algorithms of satellite attitude determination on sunlit and shadow segments of the orbit is also under study. The general logic of operation of the attitude control system in automatic mode is presented and discussed.     

Aerodynamic optimization design for high pressure turbines based on the adjoint approach

A first study on the continuous adjoint formulation for aerodynamic optimization design of high pressure turbines based on S2surface governed by the Euler equations with source terms is presented.The objective function is defined as an integral function along the boundaries,and the adjoint equations and the boundary conditions are derived by introducing the adjoint variable vectors.The gradient expression of the objective function then includes only the terms related to physical shape variations.The numerical solution of the adjoint equation is conducted by a finitedifference method with the Jameson spatial scheme employing the first and the third order dissipative fluxes.A gradient-based aerodynamic optimization system is established by integrating the blade stagger angles,the stacking lines and the passage perturbation parameterization with the quasi-Newton method of Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno(BFGS).The application of the continuous adjoint method is validated through a single stage high pressure turbine optimization case.The adiabatic efficiency increases from 0.8875 to 0.8931,whilst the mass flow rate and the pressure ratio remain almost unchanged.The optimization design is shown to reduce the passage vortex loss as well as the mixing loss due to the cooling air injection.     

基于MATLAB/Simulink的HY-2星载微波散射计系统仿真建模

为实现星载微波散射计的优化设计,利用MATLAB软件搭建了海洋二号(HY-2)卫星微波散射计系统仿真模型。首先,参考其初样设计阶段的仿真模型,根据其最终设计方案和参数设置,对发射机、接收机、信号处理单元三个主要模块搭建仿真模型。其次,模拟海面风场监测过程,将仿真模型划分为信号源、发射机、海面回波、接收机、信号处理单元和结果输出六部分,并在初样设计模型的基础上引入信道特性,完善仿真模型。最后,利用雷达方程解算海面后向散射系数,验证了模型的正确性,可为我国后续微波散射计的设计和优化提供仿真分析手段。     

Quaternion regularization in celestial mechanics and astrodynamics and trajectory motion control. I

Regularization problems in celestial mechanics and astrodynamics are considered. The fundamental regular quaternion models of celestial mechanics and astrodynamics are presented. It is shown that the efficiency of analytical investigation and numerical solution of boundary problems of optimal trajectory motion control of spacecraft may be increased using quaternion astrodynamics models. The regularization problem of celestial mechanics and astrodynamics that implies eliminating the feature, which arises in the equations of the two-body problem in case of impact of the second body with the central body, is considered in the first section of the paper. The quaternion method for regularizing the equations of the perturbed spatial two-body problem suggested by the author is presented; the method is compared with Kustaanheimo-Stiefel (KS) regularization. Demonstrative geometric and kinematic interpretations of regularizing transformations are provided. Regular quaternion equations for the two-body problem, which generalize the regular Kustaanheimo-Stiefel equations, as well as regular equations in quaternion osculating elements and quaternion regular equations for perturbed central motion of a material point, are considered. The papers on quaternion regularization in celestial mechanics and astrodynamics are briefly analyzed.     

Space experiments aboard the Lomonosov MSU satellite

At present, the Institute of Nuclear Physics of Moscow State University, in cooperation with other organizations, is preparing space experiments onboard the Lomonosov satellite. The main goal of this mission is to study extreme astrophysical phenomena such as cosmic gamma-ray bursts and ultra-high-energy cosmic rays. These phenomena are associated with the processes occurring in the early universe in very distant astrophysical objects, therefore, they can provide information on the first stages of the evolution of the universe. This paper considers the main characteristics of the scientific equipment aboard the Lomonosov satellite.     

经纬向传播的甚低频台站信号对太阳耀斑响应特征的差异性分析

为了揭示太阳耀斑发生期间沿着经纬向传播的甚低频台站信号受到扰动的差异性,文章基于随州观测站的甚低频数据,分析了2017年9月8日经向传播的NWC台站信号和纬向传播的JJI台站信号对太阳耀斑的响应特征,比较了两条路径上信号的幅度对同一太阳耀斑响应的异同.结果表明:NWC信号的响应只有先上升再恢复1种,而JJI信号有先上升...     

火箭返回制导动力着陆段的自适应启动方法

针对重复使用火箭垂直返回着陆问题,提出了一种燃料最优的动力着陆段自适应启动方法。首先,将燃料最优启动点对应的动力着陆轨迹的推力剖面和攻角剖面描述为解析的形式,该解析形式中攻角剖面由状态量唯一确定,推力剖面仅含一个待定参数。随后,通过预测具有上述解析剖面形式的轨迹判断是否启动动力着陆。计算中引入松弛终端位置约束的策略求解推力剖面待定参数,由终端位置约束判断是否满足燃料最优启动条件。上述策略将燃料最优启动条件的判断问题简化为单一变量求解问题,实现了该问题的快速求解。仿真结果表明,该方法得到的启动点与数值优化方法得到的燃料最优启动点接近,且求解过程稳定、计算效率高。