空间交会对接CCD光学成像敏感器光学特性

以辐射度量为标准,建立了CCD像机探测合作目标光功率模型以及功率方程,得到了所需合作目标光功率与CCD像机参数的制约关系,分析了CCD像机探测到光点所占像元数与传输距离之间的关系。用超焦距方法解决了CCD像机对有限远距离范围内工作时的成像清晰度问题,采用了像方远心光路设计解决了系统测量精度问题。研究了太阳光进入CCD像机视场和照射对接口反射后对CCD像机产生的影响。     

绳驱动机器人的解耦分析和位置控制仿真

为提高机器人的负载能力,基于几何分析和螺旋理论的基本原理,对绳驱动 拟人臂机器人的构型设计、钢绳传动方式和运动学控制问题进行了深入的分析.首先针对绳 驱动走线方式的多样性选择,设计了一种具有肘、腕关节耦合和肩、肘关节耦合的绳驱动传 动机构;然后以肩、肘、腕7-DOF关节为中间媒介对机器人末端和驱动钢绳间的运动学关系 进行了分析,即先考虑机器人末端位姿和各关节角度之间的关系,再研究各关节角度和其相 应的驱动钢绳绳长之间的关系,从而得到绳驱动机器人的运动学解;最后进行了仿真研究. 仿真结果显示机器人的关节角度和绳长变化曲线十分平滑,末端的实际轨迹跟踪理想轨迹的 误差非常微小,说明建议的算法正确,绳驱动机器人运行理想,可以有效克服常规机器 人自重过大带来的负面影响.      

车身逆向设计中点云多视拼合技术

针对整车车身点云空间尺寸较大,数据量庞大,还原精度要求高等特点,提出基于骨架点的点云拼合算法,算法的基本思想是构造整车模型的骨架点和分块点云的mark点,由全等三角形法则搜索骨架点与mark点的映射关系,应用加速迭代的改进ICP(Iterative Closest Point)算法拼合整车点云.某厂轻卡整车点云的拼合实例证明,该算法拼合精度高,运算速度快,是拼合整车点云行之有效的方法.      

层流平板摩擦阻力的数值计算

为提高层流摩擦阻力数值计算的精度,采用数值求解N-S方程的方法,对层流平板摩擦阻力进行了计算.计算中采用4种先进上风格式,同时配合以14种不同的壁面法向网格分布和5种常用限制器,并将计算结果与布拉修斯解进行对比.结果表明,van Leer的FVS(Flux Vector Splitting)格式数值耗散大,对网格分布和限制器敏感,不适合用于摩擦阻力计算.限制器和计算格式的粘性分辨率越高,摩擦阻力的计算精度越高.在计算量允许的情况下,可以减小壁面法向第1层网格高度,以提高计算精度,但应同时兼顾网格长宽比.对于摩擦阻力计算,边界层内应至少布置4个网格点.      

Neutral Atmospheres

This paper summarizes the understanding of aeronomy of neutral atmospheres in the solar system, discussing most planets as well as Saturn’s moon Titan and comets. The thermal structure and energy balance is compared, highlighting the principal reasons for discrepancies amongst the atmospheres, a combination of atmospheric composition, heliocentric distance and other external energy sources not common to all. The composition of atmospheres is discussed in terms of vertical structure, chemistry and evolution. The final section compares dynamics in the upper atmospheres of most planets and highlights the importance of vertical dynamical coupling as well as magnetospheric forcing in auroral regions, where present. It is shown that a first order understanding of neutral atmospheres has emerged over the past decades, thanks to the combined effects of spacecraft and Earth-based observations as well as advances in theoretical modeling capabilities. Key gaps in our understanding are highlighted which ultimately call for a more comprehensive programme of observation and laboratory measurements.     

Development of thermal sensors and drilling systems for lunar and planetary regoliths

We consider some novel concepts for thermal properties experiments aboard lunar landers or rovers, that may lead to an improved understanding of both the structure of the lunar near surface layers and the lunar thermal history. The new instruments could be developed using the experience and heritage from recently developed systems, like the Rosetta Lander thermal conductivity experiment MUPUS and existing designs used for terrestrial measurements of thermal conductivity. We describe shortly the working principle of such sensors and the main challenges faced when using them in the airless regolith layers of the Moon or other airless bodies. In addition new concepts to create appropriate drill holes for thermal and other measurements in the lunar regolith are discussed.     

Relative amplitude of the total electron content variations depending on geomagnetic activity

We developed a method of estimation of a relative amplitude dI/I of the total electron content (TEC) variations in the ionosphere as deduced from the data of the global GPS receivers network. To obtain statistically significant results we picked out three latitudinal belts provided in the Internet by the maximum number of GPS sites. They are high-latitudinal belt (50–80°N, 200–300°E; 59 sites), mid latitude belt (20–50°N, 200–300°E; 817 sites), and equatorial belt (±20°N, 0–360°E; 76 sites). The results of the analysis of the diurnal and latitudinal dependencies of dI/I and dI/I distribution probability for 52 days with different levels of geomagnetic activity are presented. It was found that on average the relative amplitude of the TEC variations varies within the range 0–10% proportionally to the value of the K_p geomagnetic index. In quiet conditions the relative amplitude dI/I of the TEC variations at night significantly exceeds the daytime relative amplitude. At high levels of magnetic field disturbances, the geomagnetic control of the amplitude of TEC variations at high and middle latitudes is much more significant than the regular diurnal variations. At the equatorial belt, on average, the amplitude of TEC variations in quiet and disturbed periods almost does not differ. The obtained results may be useful for development of the theory of ionospheric irregularities.     

Roe格式中不同类型熵修正性能分析

针对Roe格式中较为流行的3类熵修正:Muller型、Harten-Yee型和Harten-Hyman型熵修正,从理论分析入手, 辅以Euler方程为控制方程的激波管问题,前台阶流动和运动激波的双马赫反射3个数值实验,对不同熵修正的性能做了深入研究,得出如下结论: Muller型和Harten-Yee型熵修正方法作用于激波和非物理的膨胀激波2种情况:激波情况下引入的数值耗散,能根本改善"Carbuncle"现象,膨胀激波时其数值粘性也足以使膨胀激波得以耗散;而类Harten-Hyman型熵修正只对膨胀过程起修正作用,对激波情况无效,不能改善"Carbuncle"现象,该类熵修正的数值粘性较小,不足以使膨胀过程正确求解;直接采用 δ 值代替特征值的特征值修正方法效果好于传统的特征值修正方法.     

单一基准径向圆跳动误差的新测量法

用传统的测量方法不能得到单一基准径向圆跳动误差的准确值。根据单一基准径向圆跳动误差的定义建立了该项误差的正交最小二乘评定数学模型。在万能工具显微镜上得到了采样数据并给出了微机数据处理结果。