Relationship Between Substorm Auroras and Processes in the Near-Earth Magnetotail

Although the auroral substorm has been long regarded as a manifestation of the magnetospheric substorm, a direct relation of active auroras to certain magnetospheric processes is still debatable. To investigate the relationship, we combine the data of the UV imager onboard the Polar satellite with plasma and magnetic field measurements by the Geotail spacecraft. The poleward edge of the auroral bulge, as determined from the images obtained at the LHBL passband, is found to be conjugated with the region where the oppositely directed fast plasma flows observed in the near-Earth plasma sheet during substorms are generated. We conclude that the auroras forming the bulge are due to the near-Earth reconnection process. This implies that the magnetic flux through the auroral bulge is equal to the flux dissipated in the magnetotail during the substorm. Comparison of the magnetic flux through the auroral bulge with the magnetic flux accumulated in the tail lobe during the growth phase shows that these parameters have the comparable values. This is a clear evidence of the loading–unloading scheme of substorm development. It is shown that the area of the auroral bulge developing during substorm is proportional to the total (magnetic plus plasma) pressure decrease in the magnetotail. These findings stress the importance of auroral bulge observations for monitoring of substorm intensity in terms of the magnetic flux and energy dissipation.     

缝合复合材料弹性常数细观力学模型的分析比较

对近几年来公开发表的缝合复合材料弹性常数的细观力学模型进行了分析比较。通过计算对比了铺层纤维面内弯折、正弦波状弯曲、多项式描述纤维弯曲三个典型的缝合复合材料弹性常数的细观力学分析模型。结果表明,采用面内纤维弯折假设的弹性常数分析模型对缝纫参数的改变不敏感;采用面内纤维弯曲假设的模型对缝纫参数改变敏感,不同模型得到的弹性常数随缝纫参数变化趋势几乎是相同的。但是,假设纤维在针脚附近只有部分纤维发生弯曲比假设纤维全部发生弯曲得到的结论更合理。     

飞行器尖化前缘的热结构特性

在分析尖化前缘热环境特性的基础上,给出了尖化前缘相应的热结构特性的计算和分析,分析结果表明：尖化前缘热流密度在2～3个自由程内下降到原来的1/3,而表面温度仅有10%的下降;高热导率的防热材料可降低前缘的最高表面温度,对非烧蚀热防护十分有利,它还可提高后部的表面温度,增加辐射散热的力度,这是非烧蚀热防护的重要机制.     

Hamilton正则方程半解析法的收敛和对称分析

近年来,Hamilton正则方程半解析法在工程问题上的应用越来越广泛,但至今未见有关这种方法收敛性和对称性问题研究的文献。基于Hamilton正则方程的半解析法理论,通过变分原理详细推导了Hamiltonian元素的固支和简支边界公式及对称边界公式。多个实例的数值研究表明：随着网格加密,Hamilton正则方程半解析法的收敛速度快于一般传统位移有限元法,对称解法的效率明显优于整体解法。     

涡流管结构参数对其性能的影响

用实验方法研究了热端管管长、分离室直径、冷孔板孔径等主要结构参数对涡流管的制冷制热性能的影响。实验中以空气为介质分别对不同结构参数涡流管的性能进行了研究,得出了热端管管长、分离室直径以及冷孔板孔径等参数对涡流管制冷制热性能的影响规律。研究结果表明:在一定范围内增加热端管长度有利于涡流管的能量分离;在大冷流率下,大直径涡流管的制冷性能优于小直径涡流管;冷孔板孔径愈小,涡流管的制冷制热效应都愈好,在冷孔板孔径与热端管内径之比为50%时,取得最佳的制冷制热效应。      

冷却剂不同流动方式对膨胀循环推力室再生冷却换热的影响

为了解液体火箭发动机膨胀循环推力室再生冷却换热特性,对某一参考发动机推力室和另外两种面积比的膨胀循环推力室建立三维计算模型,采用数值模拟的方法,考察冷却剂的温升、冷却通道压降以及推力室内壁面温度和热流密度的分布情况.重点比较了不同燃烧室圆柱段长度、冷却剂不同流动方式以及不同面积比对以上结果的影响.计算过程中采用二阶迎风格式离散控制方程.计算结果表明:采用逆流冷却时,通过加长推力室圆柱段长度使推力室受热面积增加70%后,冷却剂温升提高了一倍左右;对膨胀循环推力室进行再生冷却时,采用顺流冷却要比逆流冷却的冷却通道压降低,但同时冷却剂温升也较低,并且对喉部壁面的冷却效果较差.     

航空发动机寿命分析与监测方法

讨论了航空发动机主要零部件的典型应力谱及寿命分析和监测方法,得到了有意义的结论。     

形状记忆合金混杂复合材料的设计与制备

形状记忆合金偏心埋入到复合材料层板中可以构成可变形复合材料,并且其在航空航天、工业生产中具有广泛的应用前景.可变形复合材料的主要性能受到形状记忆合金的特性以及制备工艺的制约,可采用单向弯曲、推挽结构和扭曲结构等方法进行设计.通过对形状记忆合金的记忆处理及表面处理,根据形状记忆合金的铺入方式设计,可以制备可变形复合材料试件,这种方法可以为工业生产提供技术参考.     

双肋式微型气动阀的数值计算与实验

 针对现有微型三角阀效率低的问题,提出双肋式气动阀这一新型微阀,通过两级带圆弧过渡的收敛形肋条,在减小正向气流压力损失的同时,引导逆向气流分为3股后再呈“Y”形汇聚,产生强烈的相互撞击而抵消部分动能,从而减小逆向流量以提高效率。通过数值计算对双肋式气动阀的作用原理进行了分析与验证;加工了特征尺寸为1 mm的三角阀、梯形阀与双肋阀实验件,并设计了相应的实验方案,在微流体实验平台上进行了对比实验。结果表明双肋阀能大幅提高效率：对不可压流,双肋阀可将效率从普通阀的2%～3%提升至14%左右;对可压流,双肋阀能将效率从2%提升至约13%。     

Structure of a two-phase flow of boiling water at low-head adiabatic efflux through the laval nozzle

The critical flow conditions and structural forms of a two-phase flow that is formed during water efflux from the region of moderate and low pressures into a rarefied medium are analyzed. The difference in the structural forms of a flow realized at the low-head efflux from the structure of a flow occurring in the fluid flow with moderate and high initial pressures is established. The critical pressure differential characterizing the establishment of the maximum flowrate is determined and the decisive influence of turbulence on the vapor phase generation and flow conditions of a two-phase medium is shown.