飞机进气道锤击波载荷评估方法研究

进气道锤击波载荷是由航空发动机喘振超压引起的,其峰值压力可达到自由来流总压的2倍量级,为进气道结构设计的最大载荷。为了给新研飞机进气道设计提供最大载荷依据、降低结构质量,对增压比等影响发动机喘振超压的因素进行归纳总结,并进行了实测和评估分析,认为锤击波压比值的上限是由稳态压力畸变引起的喘振确定的,最大锤击波载荷基本上随发动机压比的增大呈线性增大;分析了锤击波载荷的特征和评估曲线,认为通过积累新研发动机地面试验数据和CFD手段可有效解决飞机设计的载荷输入,应用概率统计方法可有效降低复合材料结构的大"S"弯进气管道结构质量。     

基于CCD的底片判读仪透射屏厚度精确测量

提出了一种利用线阵CCD传感器作为接收装置，以8253编程芯片实现自动测量并实时显示测量结果的底片判读仪透射屏厚度测量系统。文中主要论述了该系统的工作原理和软硬件的实现途径，并分析了系统的测量误差；文章最后列出了实测数据，证明了系统的可行性和先进性。     

惯性导航系统各种传递对准方法讨论

 本文按对准基本原理将惯性导航系统各种传递对准方法分为两大类,一类可称为计算参数匹配法,它包括速度匹配和位置匹配;另一类可称为测量参数匹配法,它包括加速度匹配、姿态匹配和角速度匹配。文中详细讨论了这两类方法的性质,指出:计算参数匹配法类似静基座自对准和空间率对准,在载体无机动动作时对准时间较长。测量参数匹配法对准时间短,但受载体挠性变形的影响大。     

超燃冲压发动机燃烧模态转换直连式实验研究

为获得燃烧模态转换过程对超燃冲压发动机工作特性的影响,在直连式实验台上,通过液态煤油流量的线性变化,开展了飞行马赫数4.5条件下燃烧室不同工作模态的转换实验。通过对特征位置和参数的监测,实现了燃烧模态的实时判别,获得了燃烧模态转换过程对发动机性能的影响规律。实验结果表明,在燃烧模态转换过程中滞环现象明显,燃烧室压力和发动机推力性能存在突变。在燃油流量以相同的速率增加和减小过程中发生模态转换时刻的燃油当量比存在差异,分别为0.55和0.488,两个转换点燃烧室比推相差8.05%。在滞环区间内,对于同一当量比,会存在两个不同燃烧模态,对应不同的发动机推力性能。     

基于湍动能输运的一方程转捩模型

传统转捩模型的构造十分依赖转捩机理的发现和理解,对机理的模化也存在误差。本文基于尺度自适应的KDO湍流模型,以输运变量r=μt/μ重新标定模型参数,使模型整体达到了流动结构自适应,可实现湍流/转捩一体化计算。根据长度尺度的不同,可细分为KDO-tran和CKDO-tran模型。CFD计算评估了经典的T3A,T3B平板边界层旁路转捩,T3A-平板边界层自然转捩,Aero-A翼型分离泡转捩,DLR-F5,6:1椭球横流转捩及可压缩平板边界层、尖锥转捩。该模型无法精确捕捉层流-湍流的过渡,但能准确捕捉转捩的起始位置(Transition onset),在高Re数、复杂流动的表现尤其突出。该模型捕捉转捩的机制在于流动结构的自适应和湍流输运特性的保存,不引入任何转捩机理却能捕捉多种类型的转捩现象,具有较好的适用性。     

陀螺经纬仪在大型航天产品精测中的应用

陀螺经纬仪通常是做某一方向与当地大地北向的方位角关系测量用。文章针对“天宫一号”目标飞行器精测中遇到的问题,即高空不同平台间两台设备需要姿态关系测量的需求,通过对陀螺经纬仪测量原理的研究,借助大地坐标系作为中间传递坐标系,解决了经纬仪测量因互瞄被遮挡无法建立基准镜坐标系间关系的问题。测量误差分析结果验证了这种新方法的可行性,该方法可用于大型航天产品设备安装精度的测量。     

时钟树综合中的有效时钟偏移

随着芯片设计向更高的频率发展,传统的时钟树综合策略是尽量减小时钟偏移,但是这样的时钟树综合策略已经逐渐不能满足时序收敛的需要,因此引入了有效时钟偏移的概念。文章通过一个在TSMC0．13μm工艺并流片成功的芯片BES7000作为设计实例,分析了有效时钟偏移引入之后对改进时序建立时间的效果。     

Role of O.G. Gazenko in formation and advancement of space biology and medicine

Oleg G. Gazenko belongs to the noble cohort of pupils of well-known Russian physiologist L.A. Orbeli. He was one of the fathers of space biology and medicine, discipline in which he displayed his brilliant talents of experimenter and thinker. He was acknowledged for the investigations of spaceflight effects on living systems, the concept of medical operations system to support long-term piloted missions and implementation of biological researches that fostered the advance of space and gravitational biology. The analytical works of Oleg G. Gazenko are of imperishable significance for future researches to the benefit of space biomedicine.     

Frequency fluctuations of coherent signals from spacecraft observed during dual-frequency radio sounding of the circumsolar plasma in 2004–2008

We have performed spectral processing of the data of experiments on radio sounding of circumsolar plasma by coherent S- and X-band signals from the spacecraft Ulysses, Mars Express, Rosetta, and Venus Express carried out from 1991 to 2009. The experiments were realized in the mode of coherent response, when a signal stabilized by the hydrogen standard is transmitted from the ground station to a spacecraft, received by the onboard systems, and retransmitted to the Earth with conserved coherence. Thus, the signal sounding the coronal plasma passes twice through the medium: on the propagation path ground station — spacecraft and on the same path in the opposite direction. The spectra of frequency fluctuations in both the bands are obtained and, using them, the radial dependences of fluctuation intensities are found, which can be approximated by a power law. It is shown that the ratio of intensities of frequency fluctuations in the S- and X-bands is comparable with the theoretical value and characterizes the degree of correlation of irregularities of the electron density along the propagation path ground station — spacecraft and back. Analysis of the correlation of frequency fluctuations on the two paths allows one to get a lower estimate of the outer scale of the circumsolar plasma turbulence. For heliocentric distances R = 10 solar radii (R _S ) the outer scale is larger than 0.25R _S .