三维编织复合材料的拉伸强度预测

采用有限微元方法分析了三维编织复合材料的模量与强度.提出了基于计算机模拟实验的三维编织复合材料的拉伸强度分析模型,利用Visual C++6.0实现了对三维编织复合材料拉伸强度的预测,预测结果与实验结果基本一致.     

三维制导的几何方法与鲁棒控制方法

 在考虑导弹速度和目标速度均为时变的情况下,将微分几何方法与李雅普诺夫稳定理论结合起来,提出了一种导弹三维导引规律设计新方法。对机动目标,PPNG方法的主要问题是在导引末段,它要求导弹在俯仰和偏航通道上具有较大的加速度,为了解决这一问题,本文应用基于李雅普诺夫稳定理论的鲁棒控制方法,提出了一种三维鲁棒制导算法。这种方法在导引末段不需要过大的加速度命令,不需要知道目标精确的加速度和速度方位信息。     

复合阻尼结构梁动力特性分析

提出一种基于Layerwise层合理论的复合阻尼结构梁单元用于计算嵌入多阻尼层的复合阻尼结构梁。通过与NASTRAN软件的计算结果进行对比，证明该梁单元满足层间位移、应力连续条件并避免了剪切自锁，并且具有单元数量和节点数量少、计算精度高的优点。     

利用空心玻璃微球提高电路板冲击性能

针对某系统冲击环境恶劣问题，提出一种提高电路板抗冲能力的新方法——玻璃微球填充。冲击试验表明，采用这一方法使制导系统的冲击响应大大降低，玻璃微球可以衰减电路板冲击中的高频冲击分量，减小低频分量所引起的电路板变形，并且其阻尼作用可迅速使电路板恢复平缓状态。试验结果显示最大的冲击加速度衰减率可达70％。     

介电弹性体圆柱形驱动器机电耦合致动过程分析

驱动器薄膜施加高压直流电后产生的轴向力差能使圆柱形驱动器伸长。为研究介电弹性体圆柱形驱动器的动态反应,本文对其机电耦合致动原理及过程进行了分析。圆柱形驱动器的机电耦合致动过程类似于蠕变过程,提出一种广义Voigt线性粘弹性模型来对其进行描述,并对计算结果与试验之间产生误差的主要原因进行分析。根据驱动器机电耦合致动过程中驱动器的准静态位移的非线性及轴向应力的变化对原模型进行改进。试验表明,在驱动器工作电压范围内,改进的广义Voigt模型能较好地描述驱动器机电耦合致动过程,此模型可用于介电弹性体圆柱形驱动器的性能预测和优化。     

Interplanetary spacecraft navigation using pulsars

We demonstrate how observations of pulsars can be used to help navigate a spacecraft travelling in the solar system. We make use of archival observations of millisecond pulsars from the Parkes radio telescope in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method and highlight issues, such as pulsar spin irregularities, which need to be accounted for. We show that observations of four millisecond pulsars every seven days using a realistic X-ray telescope on the spacecraft throughout a journey from Earth to Mars can lead to position determinations better than ∼20 km and velocity measurements with a precision of ∼0.1 ms⁻¹.     

Ka频段低轨遥感卫星可变编码调制应用效能研究

分辨率的不断提高对低轨遥感卫星的星地数据传输能力提升提出了迫切需求,导致X频段星地数传通道压力急剧增加,而Ka频段可用带宽是X频段的4倍,理论上可大幅提升传输能力。当前低轨遥感卫星的星地数据传输通常采用固定编码调制（CCM）和可变编码调制（VCM）,均未利用地面站仰角增大时大气衰减减小所带来的信道条件改善,对链路资源造成浪费。针对此问题,对指定地面站和链路可用度,综合考虑自由空间损耗和大气衰减随接收仰角增加而同时减小的特性,提出基于DVB S2标准的Ka频段星上VCM系统实现方案,给出传输效能评估标准,并对降雨特性不同的喀什站、北京站、三亚站CCM,VCM的Ka频段传输效能进行了对比仿真分析,以寻找出适合不同站点的星地数传方案。仿真结果表明：干旱少雨的喀什站更适合采用CCM,且链路可用度高达99.82%;雨量中等的北京站可根据用户使用需求灵活选择CCM或VCM;而降雨丰富的三亚站更适合采用VCM,不仅可将传输效能提升8.37%,还可将链路可用度提升11.23%。     

Autonomous space target tracking through state estimation techniques via ground-based passive optical telescope

The presence of operational satellites or small-body space debris is a challenge for autonomous ground-based space object observation. Although most space objects exceeding 10?cm in diameter have been cataloged, the position of each space object (based on six orbital parameters) remains important and should be updated periodically, as the Earth’s orbital perturbations cause disturbances. Modern ground-based passive optical telescopes equipped with complementary metal-oxide semiconductors have become widely used in astrometry engineering, being combined with image processing techniques for target signal enhancement. However, the detection and tracking performance of this equipment when employed with image processing techniques primarily depends on the size and brightness of the space target, which appears on the monitor screen under variable background interference conditions. A small and dim target has a highly sensitive tracking error compared to a bright target. Moreover, most image processing techniques for target signal enhancement require large computational power and memory; therefore, automatic tracking of a space target is difficult. The present work investigates autonomous space target detection and tracking to achieve high-sensitivity detection and improved tracking ability for non-Gaussian and dynamic backgrounds with a simple system mechanism and computational efficiency. We develop an improved particle filter (PF) using the ensemble Kalman filter (KF) for track-before-detect (TBD) frameworks, by modifying and optimizing the computational formula for our non-linear measurement function. We call this extended version the “ensemble Kalman PF-TBD (EnKPF-TBD).” Three sequential astronomical image datasets taken by the Asia-Pacific Ground-Based Optical Space Objects Observation System (APOSOS) telescope under different conditions are used to evaluate three proposed TBD baseline frameworks. Given an optimal random sample size, the EnKPF-TBD exhibits superior performance to PF-TBD and threshold-based unscented KF with two-dimensional peak search (2dPS). The EnKPF-TBD scheme achieves satisfactory performance for all variable background interference conditions, especially for a small and dim space target, in terms of tracking accuracy and computational efficiency.     

基于粗糙集-信息熵的辐射源威胁评估方法

为满足复杂电磁环境下战机对辐射源威胁等级判定算法的需求,将粗糙集理论引入对雷达辐射源威胁评估中,并结合信息熵理论构建一套完备的计算威胁度量值的数据处理模型,实现对辐射源威胁程度的定量表示,直观地评估辐射源的威胁程度。经典粗糙集理论难以应对在没有决策信息条件下的决策问题,采用信息熵的方法求取最大权重属性替代决策属性,拓展粗糙集的适用范围。模型直接基于数据驱动得到辐射源的威胁度量值,易于实现并具备良好的时效性,减少系统对先验信息的要求与主观赋值带来的影响。仿真结果表明,该方法可以快速、准确地实现对辐射源威胁的评估。      

一种基于最小二乘拟合的数据关联算法

针对点航关联在多目标跟踪中精度与实时性难兼顾的问题,提出了一种基于最小二乘拟合的点航关联算法。首先采用滑窗将历史航迹截断,采用最小二乘法在不同维度分别拟合、外推融合航迹历史信息条件下的航迹点,增加外推点的多样性及信息量。同时定义了5种全概率关联事件,提取传统滤波方法的预测点,将拟合外推点与滤波预测点融合,使归属判决更加准确。最后分别推导了不同事件发生时的状态更新方程与误差协方差更新方程,给出了其中参数的确定方法。经仿真数据验证,与经典的最近邻域法和联合概率数据互联算法相比,所提算法能够更好地兼顾精度与实时性,且计算复杂度较低,易于工程实现。