30cm离子推力器在轨环境下的工作点及热控措施研究

栅极间距变化是影响离子推力器在轨环境下从冷态条件正常点火启动的重要因素,同时也决定了离子推力器的在轨工作时机和热控实施策略。本文采用有限元仿真与地面热平衡试验验证相结合的方法,建立起30cm离子推力器有限元分析模型并进行了模型校验,之后对离子推力器在轨受太阳光照影响的栅极温度场分布和间距变化,以及推力器在5kW工况下的三个典型温度点所对应的栅极间距变化进行了仿真分析,最后考虑了主动热控干预对推力器最恶劣工作点的栅极间距变化影响。结果显示：纯太阳光照影响下的栅极组件存在周期性温度变化,栅极最大温差可达到100℃,栅间距缩小量在0.06mm~0.16mm范围内波动;在太阳光照基础上实施60W的主动热控后,栅极最大温差降低至60℃,栅间距缩小量波动范围则变为0~0.03mm;栅极最高温度点和最低温度点分别是推力器冷态启动最容易和最困难的两个工作时机点,两点所对应的启动后屏栅和加速栅最小间距分别为0.22mm和0.04mm;在10W、70W和120W的热控加热功率下,从最低温度点启动后的屏栅和加速栅最小间距分别为0.06mm、0.20mm和0.29mm;采取主动热控措施能够有效降低推力器工作过程中的栅极热形变位移峰值,且加热功率为120W即温控点温度为50℃的主动热控可以满足30cm离子推力器在轨冷态启动时的0.25mm安全栅极间距要求。     

高速进气道抛罩过程内流场演化特性研究

为探究进气道整流罩打开过程中内流场的演化规律,针对下颌式进气道及其配套整流罩,基于重叠网格法求解N-S方程,详细分析了抛罩过程中内流场演化过程与特征流场结构。研究表明,堵罩时,整流罩前端发展出V形激波,整流罩尾部形成后向台阶且产生一对涡矢量方向相反的流向涡,开罩过程中,整流罩前端的V形激波与尾部的后向台阶均会对内流场流动产生影响,捕获流量在中间某时刻达到峰值且大于稳定状态。对于开罩过程流动准定常且内流道无大分离区的流场,进气道在V形激波打在唇口时完成起动且整流罩在此后不影响内流场流动。假设的匀加速转动与重构出的真实转动吻合较好,对于更精确的运动过程模拟可采用三次函数的角速度变化律。     

非晶合金转子铁心对再制造电机性能的影响

用铁基非晶合金转子铁心替换原电机中的硅钢转子铁心,基于有限元软件Ansoft分析了非晶转子铁心替换对电机性能的影响。与原电机相比,再制造电机的转矩提升了2.6%,效率提高了0.05%,齿槽转矩幅值大幅增加。采用定子斜槽削弱其齿槽转矩,当斜槽精确为一个齿距时,电机的齿槽转矩幅值为0.128 N·m,相比于未采用斜槽时的再制造电机减小了92.36%,相比于原电机减小了38.46%。     

涡扇发动机低压部件通流耦合计算

为了研究各部件匹配与过渡段几何参数对发动机总体性能的影响,针对某涡扇发动机风扇、低压涡轮、内外涵道、掺混段和尾喷管等部件,基于周向平均Navier-St okes通流控制方程,采用时间推进有限体积法进行了部件耦合计算求解,将沿程各部件性能计算参数与试验做了对比,结果表明:在设计状态下发动机沿程各截面计算特征参数与试验值最大误差不超过5.0%,说明该通流耦合计算方法能够快速预估发动机总体性能,完善各部件匹配关系,在发动机总体设计初期有一定工程应用价值。     

发动机双发失效空滑策略研究

双发失效是飞机在发动机试飞中可能遇到的最大风险。通过提前规划双发失效后的垂直、水平路径,让飞行机组在遇到双发失效特情时能按照预先规划的路径飞行,遵循最有利的能量使用,减轻机组在特情时的负荷和避免做出不良决策,以期降低双发失效风险带来的影响。     

星载平面可展天线支撑桁架的结构效率优化

针对折展结构性能存在多指标且这些指标之间又相互制约的特点,把结构效率引入到可展结构的优化设计中,应用多因素正交试验法对一种空间可展开平板天线支撑桁架的优化问题进行了研究。对其关键几何设计参数进行了分析,建立了桁架结构的优化数学模型,以结构效率最大化作为优化目标,对可展桁架进行了结构优化,得到了支撑桁架各杆件的设计参数。结果表明:结构效率综合考虑了质量和刚度的影响,使结构质量和刚度同时得到优化;长宽比(l/w)是影响可展桁架结构性能的主要因素,对不同优化目标产生影响的次要因素有所不同;截面积对结构效率影响不显著(置信度p=90%),在相同杆长参数配置下,等截面可展桁架的结构效率仅次于变截面方案,但工程经济性最佳。该研究方法有助于在概念设计阶段从系统设计的角度进行空间桁架结构的快速设计与优化。     

基于内模原理的复杂挠性卫星姿态控制研究

首先对具有运动挠性附件的航天器的姿态动力学模型进行了简要讨论和分析,证明了对于受步进扰动的复杂挠性卫星系统,采用输出反馈PD控制仅能得到一致有界稳定的结论。为了获得闭环系统的渐近稳定性能,进一步构造了具有内模补偿的PD控制系统,并且根据Lyapunov理论给出了严格证明。基于美国GOES 8号静止轨道气象卫星公布的动力学参数,对PD控制及含有内模补偿的PD控制两类控制器进行了仿真对比,以校验所设计控制系统的有效性。最后,进行了总结并提出进一步的研究设想。     

沉积温度对CVD-SiC涂层显微结构的影响

介绍了采用化学气相沉积（CVD）方法在C/SiC复合材料表面制备SiC抗氧化涂层的情况.对不同工艺条件下制备出的SiC涂层,使用SEM,EDS和XRD分析了沉积层的物相和显微结构.结果表明：SiC涂层生长速度随沉积温度升高而升高,晶粒尺寸也随之增大;在较高沉积温度下,可以产生较大的沉积速度,但SiC涂层表面粗糙度将会增大.     

Fractional Pfaff-Birkhoff Principle and Birkhoff′s Equations in Terms of Riesz Fractional Derivatives

The dynamical and physical behavior of a complex system can be more accurately described by using the fractional model.With the successful use of fractional calculus in many areas of science and engineering,it is necessary to extend the classical theories and methods of analytical mechanics to the fractional dynamic system.Birkhoffian mechanics is a natural generalization of Hamiltonian mechanics,and its core is the Pfaff-Birkhoff principle and Birkhoff′s equations.The study on the Birkhoffian mechanics is an important developmental direction of modern analytical mechanics.Here,the fractional Pfaff-Birkhoff variational problem is presented and studied.The definitions of fractional derivatives,the formulae for integration by parts and some other preliminaries are firstly given.Secondly,the fractional Pfaff-Birkhoff principle and the fractional Birkhoff′s equations in terms of RieszRiemann-Liouville fractional derivatives and Riesz-Caputo fractional derivatives are presented respectively.Finally,an example is given to illustrate the application of the results.     

Influence of lunar topography on simulated surface temperature

The surface temperature of the Moon is one of the essential parameters for the lunar exploration, especially to evaluate the Moon thermophysical features. The distribution of the temperature is heavily influenced by the Moon topography, which, however, is rarely studied in the state-of-art surface temperature models. Therefore, this paper takes the Moon topography into account to improve the surface temperature model, Racca model. The main parameters, such as slopes along the longitude and latitude directions, are estimated with the topography data from Chang’E-1 satellite and the Horn algorithm. Then the effective solar illumination model is then constructed with the slopes and the relative position to the subsolar point. Finally, the temperature distribution over the Moon surface is obtained with the effective illumination model and the improved Racca model. The results indicate that the distribution of the temperature is very sensitive to the fluctuation of the Moon surface. The change of the surface temperature is up to 150 K in some places compared to the result without considering the topography. In addition, the variation of the surface temperature increases with the distance from the subsolar point and the elevation, along both latitude and longitude directions. Furthermore, the simulated surface temperature coincides well with the brightness temperature in 37 GHz observed by the microwave sounder onboard Chang’E-2 satellite. The corresponded emissivity map not only eliminates the influence of the topography, but also hints the inherent properties of the lunar regolith just below the surface. Last but not the least, the distribution of the permanently shadowed regions (PSRs) in the lunar pole area is also evaluated with the simulated surface temperature result.