面向冲床冲击力测量的单分量重载传感器

为了测量冲击载荷达150 t,冲击频率为10 Hz的冲床冲击载荷,降低产品的废品率,本文设计、制造和评估了一种新颖的单分量重载传感器,冲床安装空间限制了该传感器的结构尺寸为Φ166 mm×45 mm,该传感器为4个支撑梁和1个应变梁组成的整体式结构,可保证传感器同时具有高刚度和高灵敏度。用一台300 t万能液压机进行静态标定,标定结果表明传感器的绝对误差达到2%。最后,现场实验进一步鉴定传感器的性能。     

Morphological and molecular changes of maize plants after seeds been flown on recoverablf satellite

Dry seeds of Zea mays, heterozygous for Lw₁/lw₁ alleles, sandwiched between nuclear track detectors aboard Chinese satellite for 15 days, were recovered and mutations in morphological characters on plants developed from these seeds, as well as their selected progenies, were investigated. The dosimetric results indicated that 85% of the seeds received at least 1 hit with Z≥20. About 10% of plants developed from flown seeds and 40% of observed selfed lines from the first generation plants showed some morphological changes, such as yellow stripes displayed on leaves, dwarf, anomogensis of floral organs and yellow-green seedlings, when compared with those from ground control. Using yellow stripes on leaves as the main endpoint for evaluating mutation induced in space environment, the frequency of stripe occurrence was 4.6% in the first generation plants, comparable with the results obtained from Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF) mission (Mei et al., 1994), but much lower than those from ground based ⁶⁰ Co-gamma treatment at a dose of 100 Gy, which reached 35.5% in the selfed lines of the second generation. One hundred and ten random primers were screened in RAPD analysis to detect the variation on genomic DNA of plants with stripes on leaves. Of these primers, 10.9% were able to generate polymorphic bands between mutated plants and control, also, common band patterns in several progenies with the same mutation phenotype were observed. These results demonstrated that space radiation environment could induce inheritable mutagenic effects on plant seeds, and verified the change in genetic material in the mutants. Further study will be needed for a better understand of the nature and mechanism of this induction of mutation.     

Performance relationships between ground model and space prototype of deployable space antennas

Performance testing is very useful in the design of deployable space antennas. It is arduous and costly to carry out the prototype experiments on the ground because of the large aperture of the antenna and the difficulty of simulating space environments. Thus, a smaller replica of the antenna, called scale model, is used to achieve the performance testing for reasons of economy, convenience, and saving in time. In this paper, a two-step approach is proposed to predict the prototype performance of the antenna in the space environment according to the performance testing of the scale model. The first step is to analyze the similarity between the prototype and the model in the same environment. Different methods are adopted according to the different performance of the antenna. The scaling laws of the driving force of the deployable Astromesh antenna are established through the differential equations on the basis of the deployment dynamic equations, while the scaling laws of frequency are derived by the dimensional analysis method. The second step is to analyze the performance relationships of the scale model in the different environments. Experiments on the scale model can be performed to obtain the performance relationships. Finally, a complete example of the natural frequency analysis is given to illustrate the two-step method.     

一种基于石墨烯的脉冲星导航X射线探测器

针对脉冲星导航要求X射线探测器具有高能量分辨率和高时间分辨率的需求,研究基于石墨烯电场效应来实现X射线探测的可行性。通过蒙特卡罗方法模拟不同能量X射线和不同厚度探测器基底的相互作用过程,得到不同厚度探测器对X射线的探测效率。利用有限元方法分析X射线在探测器内电离产生载流子的输运过程,验证了X射线入射对石墨烯电学特性的影响。理论分析计算探测器的时间分辨率和能量分辨率等指标参数,结果表明：基于石墨烯电场效应的X射线探测器具有较高的能量分辨率和时间分辨率,是一种潜力巨大的X射线探测方式,可满足未来脉冲星导航的工程应用。     

突然启动流动问题:从不可压到高超声速流动

突然启动流动问题在气动弹性、扑翼飞行和机动飞行中有重要应用价值。鉴于此,对突然启动流动问题涉及的流动与升力演化机制和理论分析方法进行统一介绍并指出目前的理论空白。比较性地介绍了升力随时间变化的原因、预测升力演化的理论方法和主要变化规律。从中发现,不可压缩和可压缩突然启动问题存在各自独立的研究方法与结论,因此进行统一介绍与分析对建立二者之间的关联有指导意义。同时指出,大迎角可压缩突然启动问题尚无理论分析方法和研究结果。作为一项补充研究,采用数值计算发现一个之前尚未报道的现象,即升力系数首先从较低值快速增加至一个峰值,接着快速下降,趋于定常值。该文综述介绍的方法可用于分析突然启动问题升力演化规律。     

Optimization design of satellite separation systems based on Multi-Island Genetic Algorithm

The separation systems are crucial for the launch of satellites. With respect to the existing design issues of satellite separation systems, an optimization design approach based on Multi-Island Genetic Algorithm is proposed, and a hierarchical optimization of system mass and separation angular velocity is designed. Multi-Island Genetic Algorithm is studied for the problem and the optimization parameters are discussed. Dynamic analysis of ADAMS used to validate the designs is integrated with iSIGHT. Then the optimization method is employed for a typical problem using the helical compression spring mechanism, and the corresponding objective functions are derived. It turns out that the mass of compression spring catapult is decreased by 30.7% after optimization and the angular velocity can be minimized considering spring stiffness errors. Moreover, ground tests and on-orbit flight indicate that the error of separation speed is controlled within 1% and the angular velocity is reduced by nearly 90%, which proves the design result and the optimization approach.     

大型瓜瓣形铝合金件拉延成形有限元模拟分析

对大型瓜瓣形铝合金件的拉深所需拉延筋力进行了理论计算,利用商用软件ETA/DYNAFORM对其拉延过程进行了数值模拟,分析了拉延成形中不同压料面形状、压延筋尺寸及布置对零件成形质量的影响,总结了典型口部曲边零件模具设计中压料面和压延筋的设计思路。     

磁场辅助激光熔覆铝基金属玻璃覆层

为提高铝合金的表面性能,采用磁场辅助激光熔覆的方法在5083铝合金表面制备了Al-Ni-Y-Co-La五元金属玻璃熔覆层,并对其进行组织成分及性能分析。实验结果表明：熔覆层主要由非晶相、α-Al相以及Al₄NiY等金属间化合物组成,旋转磁场的搅拌作用使熔覆层非晶相含量由10.2%提高到30.7%,且能够有效抑制多道搭接和多层堆积过程中重熔区晶粒的生长,细化了熔覆层晶粒组织,降低了残余应力,提高了显微硬度及韧性,使其平均显微硬度从278 HV_0.1提高至335 HV_0.1,且波动较小,平均抗拉强度为303 MPa,为基体拉伸件的110.2%,平均伸长率为6.79%,为基体的33.1%。     

基于傅里叶频谱法的伪装效果评价

针对目前伪装效果评价方法指标单一、不够客观准确等问题,提出一种基于傅里叶变换的纹理分析方法,并通过仿真实验,初步证明了该方法的科学性和有效性。