驱动轮结构参数对月球车牵引性能影响研究

研究在月球表面环境下月球车的牵引通过性能,对保证其正常探测工作具有重要意义.根据牵引性能的评价指标,在模拟月壤-车轮土槽测试系统上对不同结构参数的驱动轮牵引性能进行对比试验.结果表明,当增大驱动轮宽度和直径时,其挂钩牵引力和效率系数都呈增大趋势;增大驱动轮的轮刺高度,挂钩牵引力增大;当滑转率小于20%时,效率系数随着轮刺高度的增大而增大,而当滑转率大于20%时,效率系数随着轮刺高度的增大而减小;增大驱动轮轮刺密度时,其挂钩牵引力和效率系数随之先增大后减小.      

在片校准标准件基底边界条件影响

通过分析国内外校准标准件物理边界条件,研究不同校准基底的物理边界条件对共面波导(CPW)传输线特性和校准准确度的影响。研制了W波段砷化镓衬底的多线TRL在片校准标准件,将在片校准标准件分别放置在金属卡盘、玻璃片、吸波材料三种校准基底上。用三种不同校准基底的校准标准件对试验装置校准后,分别提取了CPW传输线的衰减常数、相对介电常数和特征阻抗,并对商用校准标准件104-783A的短路标准和传输线标准进行了测试,验证了结果的合理性。     

红外分光光度法测定压缩气体中油含量的测量不确定度评定

以四氯化碳为吸收液采集压缩气体中的油类物质,用红外光度法测定油含量,依据JJF 1059.1-2012《测量不确定度评定与表示》,评定了红外光度法测定压缩气体中油含量结果的不确定度。分析了影响不确定度的因素,对各不确定度分量进行了分析和计算,当压缩气体中油测量结果为5.52mg/m³时,扩展不确定度为0.68mg/m³。     

基于小波包分解和FCM聚类的纹理图像分割方法

提出了一种新的图像特征提取中选取最优小波分解树的方法.塔式小波分解对信号解不够全面,而小波包全分解又引入庞大的计算量,因此小波分解最优树的选取尤为重要.结合模糊c均值(FCM,Fuzzy C-Mean)聚类,提出了一种能同时进行小波自适应分解和纹理特征分类的纹理图像分割方法,该方法将无监督聚类中的聚类有效性参数引入到自适应小波分解的判决中,能根据无监督聚类分割的需要,自适应地选取小波包分解的树形结构和分解层数.相对于小波包全分解,节省了大量的运算,并能取得良好的分割效果.      

空间小推力轨道最优Bang-Bang控制的两类延拓解法综述

介绍了空间小推力轨道优化问题中的最优Bang-Bang控制问题,对两类延拓解法给出了描述:第一类解法首先求解能量最优解,然后采用能量–燃耗同伦得到最优Bang-Bang控制;第二类解法引入推力开关切换准则,以双脉冲解作为初解,通过参数延拓得到最优Bang-Bang控制。对两类延拓解法进行了比较,指出了各自的优势与特点。对延拓方法应用于求解更加复杂的小推力轨道设计问题进行了展望,提出了包含初解、延拓与拼接三要素的人工智能轨道优化概念。     

Effects on winter circulation of short and long term solar wind changes

Indices of the North Atlantic Oscillation and the Arctic Oscillation show correlations on the day-to-day timescale with the solar wind speed (SWS). Minima in the indices were found on days of SWS minima during years of high stratospheric aerosol loading. The spatial distribution of surface pressure changes during 1963–2011 with day-to-day changes in SWS shows a pattern resembling the NAO. Such a pattern was noted for year-to-year variations by Boberg and Lundstedt (2002), who compared NAO variations with the geo-effective solar wind electric field (the monthly average SWS multiplied by the average southward component, i.e., negative Bz component, of the interplanetary magnetic field). The spatial distribution of the correlations of geopotential height changes in the troposphere and stratosphere with the SWS; the geo-effective electric field (SWS∗Bz); and the solar 10.7 cm flux suggests that solar wind inputs connected to the troposphere via the global electric circuit, together with solar ultraviolet irradiance acting on the stratosphere, affect regional atmospheric dynamics.     

Dynamics and control of spacecraft hovering using the geomagnetic Lorentz force

To achieve hovering, a spacecraft thrusts continuously to induce an equilibrium state at a desired position. Due to the constraints on the quantity of propellant onboard, long-time hovering around low-Earth orbits (LEO) is hardly achievable using traditional chemical propulsion. The Lorentz force, acting on an electrostatically charged spacecraft as it moves through a planetary magnetic field, provides a new propellantless method for orbital maneuvers. This paper investigates the feasibility of using the induced Lorentz force as an auxiliary means of propulsion for spacecraft hovering. Assuming that the Earth’s magnetic field is a dipole that rotates with the Earth, a dynamical model that characterizes the relative motion of Lorentz spacecraft is derived to analyze the required open-loop control acceleration for hovering. Based on this dynamical model, we first present the hovering configurations that could achieve propellantless hovering and the corresponding required specific charge of a Lorentz spacecraft. For other configurations, optimal open-loop control laws that minimize the control energy consumption are designed. Likewise, the optimal trajectories of required specific charge and control acceleration are both presented. The effect of orbital inclination on the expenditure of control energy is also analyzed. Further, we also develop a closed-loop control approach for propellantless hovering. Numerical results prove the validity of proposed control methods for hovering and show that hovering around low-Earth orbits would be achievable if the required specific charge of a Lorentz spacecraft becomes feasible in the future. Typically, hovering radially several kilometers above a target in LEO requires specific charges on the order of 0.1 C/kg.     

基于流固耦合的充气翼内压对翼面变形影响分析

基于ABAQUS-FLUENT软件开展柔性充气翼流固耦合分析,采用反距离加权平均法实现耦合界面气动压力分布传递,采用常体积转换法实现变形数据传递,分析获得了充气翼翼面刚度和屈曲特性与翼面内外压差的关系;建立了充气翼模拟加载试验系统验证了分析方法的可行性.结果表明,流固耦合方法用于充气翼变形分析是可行的,分析结果与模拟试验结果能够较好地吻合.      

VTS雷达站选址问题优化模型

船舶交通管理系统（VTS,Vessel Traffic Services）雷达站选址方案对整个系统的功能正常发挥有重要影响.首先运用多层次模糊综合评价方法对雷达站候选点进行初选;然后建立了雷达站选址双目标优化模型,第1目标为总成本最小,包括雷达站的建设成本和雷达站与VTS中心的线路铺设成本,第2目标为被多重覆盖的水域单元权重之和最大;最后针对模型设计了遗传算法.算例分析显示,模糊综合评价可能去掉一些候选点,使得目标函数值变差,但是增加了方案的实际可行性.将程序运行10次,计算结果具有稳定性,本算法是收敛和稳定的,模型是可行的.     

考虑低能电子影响的二次电子修正模型

随着微放电效应研究的不断深入,低能电子影响在微放电过程中越来越不可忽视。当前常用的微放电模型在处理低能电子问题上具有一定的局限性,为了精确模拟这一过程,在深入研究二次电子和背散射电子发射理论的基础上,分别针对材料表面条件不同引起的二次电子发射系数不确定性、低能电子的背散射系数以及电子入射角等问题进行了分析和讨论,并在此基础上建立了一个二次电子发射模型,最后通过数值计算讨论了模型的正确性和适用范围。这一模型同时考虑材料表面条件参数、低能电子的背散射系数以及入射角等因素影响,能够兼容较低能量电子的二次发射,提升微放电数值模拟的精确度和适用性,为微放电数值模拟的发展起到推进作用。