摄影测量技术及其在航天器变形测量中的应用

文章介绍了摄影测量技术的测量原理,系统调研了近年来摄影测量技术在国内外航天器变形测量领域的发展概况,分析总结了该技术的发展趋势和关键技术,并结合我国的具体国情提出了当前变形测量技术发展的建议,为我国在航天器大型复杂部件微变形测量技术的发展提供借鉴和参考。     

航天器着陆碰撞动力学CUDA并行计算技术

航天器着陆接触碰撞过程中的瞬态响应计算,涉及到几何非线性、接触非线性和材料非线性,计算过程复杂,计算量大。为此,文章将统一计算架构(CUDA)技术应用到接触碰撞问题的并行显式积分计算,研究了质量矩阵和刚度矩阵的并行生成方法,并将基于中心差分法的求解过程并行化实施。仿真算例表明:并行算法计算结果准确,较大地提高了计算仿真分析的效率,可为航天器着陆过程中冲击动力学计算的快速和高精度实现奠定基础。     

Intra-annual variations of the thermospheric density at 400 km altitude from 1996 to 2006

We investigate the intra-annual variations of globally averaged thermospheric density at 400 km altitude from 1996 to 2006 by using Artificial Neural Network Method (ANNM). The results indicate that thermospheric density is governed by solar activity, and the absolute error of our model is 13.67%, less than NRLMSISE-00 model. Fourier representation can catch the intra-annual variations more accurately than NRLMSISE-00 model and JB2008 model especially during 2002. We find that the Autumn maximum is slightly greater than Spring maximum during solar minimum, while the reverse is correct during solar maximum. There is a strong linear relation between solar activity and the amplitude of annual/semiannual variations, and the correlation coefficients are 0.9534 and 0.9424, respectively. Moreover, the amplitude ratio of the annual to semiannual variation is about 1.3 averaged, and changes in different years, but it has little relation with solar activity. Besides that, the amplitude of annual variation is larger than semiannual variation during 1996 and 2006 except 1998 and 2000. The relative error of NRLMSISE-00 model is 14.95%, decreasing to 12.49% after revising, and the correlation coefficients between this empirical model and its improved results and the observation are 0.8185 and 0.9210, respectively. Finally, we suggest the revised version of MSIS series of model should use the Fourier representation to express the intra-annual variations.     

Dynamics and control of spacecraft hovering using the geomagnetic Lorentz force

To achieve hovering, a spacecraft thrusts continuously to induce an equilibrium state at a desired position. Due to the constraints on the quantity of propellant onboard, long-time hovering around low-Earth orbits (LEO) is hardly achievable using traditional chemical propulsion. The Lorentz force, acting on an electrostatically charged spacecraft as it moves through a planetary magnetic field, provides a new propellantless method for orbital maneuvers. This paper investigates the feasibility of using the induced Lorentz force as an auxiliary means of propulsion for spacecraft hovering. Assuming that the Earth’s magnetic field is a dipole that rotates with the Earth, a dynamical model that characterizes the relative motion of Lorentz spacecraft is derived to analyze the required open-loop control acceleration for hovering. Based on this dynamical model, we first present the hovering configurations that could achieve propellantless hovering and the corresponding required specific charge of a Lorentz spacecraft. For other configurations, optimal open-loop control laws that minimize the control energy consumption are designed. Likewise, the optimal trajectories of required specific charge and control acceleration are both presented. The effect of orbital inclination on the expenditure of control energy is also analyzed. Further, we also develop a closed-loop control approach for propellantless hovering. Numerical results prove the validity of proposed control methods for hovering and show that hovering around low-Earth orbits would be achievable if the required specific charge of a Lorentz spacecraft becomes feasible in the future. Typically, hovering radially several kilometers above a target in LEO requires specific charges on the order of 0.1 C/kg.     

液态水相变发散冷却的实验

以液态水为冷却介质,采用高温合金粉末烧结多孔材料制造平板实验件,实验研究了具有液态水相变的发散冷却特性.用远红外热像系统记录实验平板热端表面温度分布,通过热电偶及压力传感器监控冷却腔内温度和压力变化,从而分析液态水的相变过程.实验表明:随着液态水注入率的增大,平均冷却效率不断提高;当液态水在暴露于高温主流的平板表面发生气液相变时,平均冷却效率趋于稳定且不再大幅上升;主流温度与液态水注入率决定了液态水的相变位置,并对冷却腔内压力变化产生影响.      

虚警影响下的备件库存优化

在虚警存在时完好的零部件被误诊为故障件而对维修站点发出备件需求,从而会对备件的需求率高估,所以需要引入虚警率修正备件需求率使之更为精确.证明了当虚警率服从指数分布时,考虑虚警的外场故障发生数仍然符合泊松分布.根据多层可修件库存控制理论,建立考虑虚警率的需求数和期望备件短缺数（EBO,Expected BackOrder）的函数关系,以期望备件短缺数为优化目标,对目标函数进行凸分析,建立面向系统虚警的备件配置凸优化算法,保证所选库存方案在系统发生虚警的情况下提高系统效能,并构建了某型飞机的应用验证案例,给出了最优的备件配置方案.      

弹道相机水平投影交会测量法的改进及精度分析

介绍弹道相机数据处理的水平投影交会测量法,提出了加权平均水平投影交会测量法,并分析了两种方法的交会精度,得出加权平均水平投影法可显著提高交会精度的结论。     

一种新型的基于预测的卫星资源分配方法

针对传统的按需分配方式所造成的长时延问题,提出了一种新型的基于业务预测的按需分配方法。该方法通过预测业务在等待队列中的长度,将预测信息发送给网络资源控制中心,再由控制中心动态地分配带宽资源,达到服务质量的要求。在阐述了按需分配和业务预测的基本算法后,通过仿真分析了不同的业务类型采用不同的预测信息发送间隔时间的时延性能,分析中考虑了实时业务比非实时业务享有更高的优先权,并且比较了常规按需分配与基于业务预测的按需系统分配方法的时延性能。仿真结果表明利用业务预测,选择合适的预测信息发送间隔时间,能够有效地改善带宽资源分配的时延性能,相比一般的按需分配方式服务质量有了明显的提高。     

简化的混合估计算法及其在GPS／SINS深组合中的应用

为解决GPS/SINS深组合导航系统滤波的非线性和噪声的不确定性的问题,针对深组合模型特点,设计了一种简化的基于U滤波的多模型混合估计滤波器。根据系统模型中状态方程是线性方程、观测方程是非线性方程的特点,提出了一种简化的U滤波算法(Ultra tight coupling unscented Kalman filter,UTCUKF),然后针对噪声变化建立了非线性模型,多模型混合估计滤波器的输出为各滤波器的概率加权融合,因此模型概率是根据噪声变化而调整的,从而也使系统输出对噪声变化具有一定自适应能力。最后进行了仿真,并与基于普通U滤波的多模型混合估计算法进行了比较。结果表明,本文算法的解算时间短,模型切换速度更快,而估计的精确度与同条件下的基于普通U滤波的多模型混合估计算法相当,更符合深组合系统高动态的要求。     

DBF\|SAR系统1比特量化设计

为解决DBF\|SAR系统数据率巨大和星上处理复杂的问题,提出了一种将各通道回波和距离向匹配滤波器都1比特量化的处理方法。首先证明当回波信噪比较低时,符号位已包含了目标的幅度信息,从而为1比特量化提供了可能;在此基础上,利用各通道间信号相关性强而噪声相关性弱的特点,通过数字波束成形技术,提高了系统信噪比。接着探讨了该方法的硬件实现结构和资源消耗情况。最后,仿真结果表明了方法的有效性。该方法在不明显降低成像质量的前提下,简化了系统电路设计和减小了数据率,对DBF\|SAR系统的工程实现有一定参考价值。