空间领域用高性能聚酰亚胺薄膜现状与发展

新型材料发展是推动航天器发展的动力之一。聚酰亚胺薄膜被誉为新一代的“黄金膜”,广泛应用于航天航空、电子封装、新能源等重要领域。文章以航天器特殊环境用薄膜材料需求为背景,重点介绍几种新型聚酰亚胺薄膜特性及其在航天器中的应用,给出了高性能聚酰亚胺薄膜材料在空间领域里的应用前景。     

Fractional Pfaff-Birkhoff Principle and Birkhoff′s Equations in Terms of Riesz Fractional Derivatives

The dynamical and physical behavior of a complex system can be more accurately described by using the fractional model.With the successful use of fractional calculus in many areas of science and engineering,it is necessary to extend the classical theories and methods of analytical mechanics to the fractional dynamic system.Birkhoffian mechanics is a natural generalization of Hamiltonian mechanics,and its core is the Pfaff-Birkhoff principle and Birkhoff′s equations.The study on the Birkhoffian mechanics is an important developmental direction of modern analytical mechanics.Here,the fractional Pfaff-Birkhoff variational problem is presented and studied.The definitions of fractional derivatives,the formulae for integration by parts and some other preliminaries are firstly given.Secondly,the fractional Pfaff-Birkhoff principle and the fractional Birkhoff′s equations in terms of RieszRiemann-Liouville fractional derivatives and Riesz-Caputo fractional derivatives are presented respectively.Finally,an example is given to illustrate the application of the results.     

Dynamics and control of spacecraft hovering using the geomagnetic Lorentz force

To achieve hovering, a spacecraft thrusts continuously to induce an equilibrium state at a desired position. Due to the constraints on the quantity of propellant onboard, long-time hovering around low-Earth orbits (LEO) is hardly achievable using traditional chemical propulsion. The Lorentz force, acting on an electrostatically charged spacecraft as it moves through a planetary magnetic field, provides a new propellantless method for orbital maneuvers. This paper investigates the feasibility of using the induced Lorentz force as an auxiliary means of propulsion for spacecraft hovering. Assuming that the Earth’s magnetic field is a dipole that rotates with the Earth, a dynamical model that characterizes the relative motion of Lorentz spacecraft is derived to analyze the required open-loop control acceleration for hovering. Based on this dynamical model, we first present the hovering configurations that could achieve propellantless hovering and the corresponding required specific charge of a Lorentz spacecraft. For other configurations, optimal open-loop control laws that minimize the control energy consumption are designed. Likewise, the optimal trajectories of required specific charge and control acceleration are both presented. The effect of orbital inclination on the expenditure of control energy is also analyzed. Further, we also develop a closed-loop control approach for propellantless hovering. Numerical results prove the validity of proposed control methods for hovering and show that hovering around low-Earth orbits would be achievable if the required specific charge of a Lorentz spacecraft becomes feasible in the future. Typically, hovering radially several kilometers above a target in LEO requires specific charges on the order of 0.1 C/kg.     

壁面吊挂清洗机器人碰壁缓冲问题研究

从机器人自动上壁及缓冲的需求出发,分析了机器人拉力形成的机理、碰壁的原因和过程.利用空气动力学原理,给出了拉力的计算方法,采用机器人物理样机进行实验,对计算结果进行了验证.在拉力的作用下机器人与壁面贴合,同时伴随碰撞,其间冲击能量的吸收由机器人裙边和支撑机构所构成的缓冲装置承担.前者还要保证机器人贴壁后的密封,因此刚度不宜过大,后者还要保证机器人在壁面上稳定行走,因此它的刚度又不宜过小.给出了缓冲装置刚度的确定方法及其在裙边和支撑机构上的分配准则,可用于工程分析.     

模糊传感器与区间型多属性决策的信息融合方法

对于日益复杂的信息环境和变化的目标特性,现有的多传感器信息融合方法大多为"静态的",较少考虑传感器可信度变化以及测量过程中的多维特征指标权重的时效性给融合结果带来的影响.为了解决此问题,提出了一种基于模糊理论与区间型多属性决策的信息融合方法.该方法从各传感器对模糊命题支持度的一致性来定义其信息质最优化度,用区间数与多属性决策理论来定义特征识别综合置信度,并从这两方面客观确定了传感器的融合权重,较好地解决了对传感器信息与目标特征权重为模糊与不确定时的合理评价,以此构建了一个智能优化决策层融合识别模型.最后以弹道目标识别实验证明了此方法有较好的时效性和准确性.     

空间碎片超高速碰撞数值模拟的SPH方法

利用光滑质点动力学SPH(Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics)方法对Whipple防护结构在空间碎片超高速碰撞下的物理过程进行了数值模拟.在数值模拟中,为了充分发挥SPH方法和有限元方法FEM(Finite Element Method)的优点,利用有限元单元和SPH节点混合建模,将有限元单元和SPH节点(SPH nodes)通过定义接触条件相结合,在大变形和飞溅区域采用SPH节点建模,而小变形区域则采用有限元单元建模,从而大大节省求解时间,提高计算效率.计算结果表明,弹丸在穿透前板后,形成二次碎片,碎片云经膨胀和拉长,对后板造成轻微的损伤,这和文献的相关试验数据是符合的.利用SPH方法对空间碎片的超高速碰撞过程进行数值模拟,不仅很好地预测了Whipple防护结构的破坏情况,而且对整个碰撞过程,包括碎片云的形成、膨胀和拉长过程都有形象的描述,符合超高速碰撞的试验测试结果.     

空间高阶差分近似对三维ADI-FDTD数值色散的影响

研究采用空间高阶差分近似的三维交替方向隐式时域有限差分法(ADI-FDTD,Alternating-Direction Implicit Finite-Difference Time-Domain)数值色散问题,首先推导了采用空间高阶差分近似的数值色散迭代公式,分别对最小相速方向和最大相速方向进行二阶、四阶、六阶、十阶空间差分数值色散误差的数值计算和比较,并分析数值色散对空间差分阶数的依赖关系,最后发现在均匀网格中采用四阶空间差分能得到较好的效果.     

谈住宅小区给水方案设计

本文讨论了我市住宅小区生活、消防给水系统的水平和状况。     

单频干扰下BPSK接收性能恶化分析及应用

为了提高现有单频干扰下BPSK接收性能恶化分析方法的准确性和实用性,本文引入干扰信号相位作为随机变量,得出了新的分析方法。该方法首次准确量化了单频干扰下BPSK接收性能的恶化程度,普遍适用于BPSK调制体制下的卫星通信系统。给出了MATLAB数值仿真和现场实测结果。将其应用到探月工程嫦娥一号（CE-1）任务中,对CE-1通信系统受日本SELENE月球探测器信号干扰进行了准确的定量分析,为地面接收站的抗干扰设计以及中日双方探测器频率协调工作提供了依据。     

超声速复杂流动中湍流模型的性能评估

对8°,16°,20°,24°超声速二维压缩拐角进行了数值模拟,系统评估了SA(Spalart-Allmaras), k-ω, SST(Shear Stress Transport)3种工程常用湍流模型对激波/边界层干扰复杂流动的模拟适用能力.对于"弱"干扰、小分离,工程常用湍流模型能够较准确地预测其压力、摩擦力、热流分布,而对于"强"干扰、大分离则会造成较大的偏差.同时,随着分离区的增大,各湍流模型的适用性能差别更加明显,数值方法也有一定的影响.