超声滚压技术在表面强化中的研究与应用进展

超声滚压加工是一种复合特种加工技术,其综合了传统滚压和超声加工的材料去除方式,在增加残余应力提高表面完整性、抗疲劳、抗腐蚀、耐磨损等方面具有显著的优势。自该技术应用至今,国内外学者做了大量有关超声滚压工艺及机理方面的研究,并在多种重要金属材料及关键零部件中应用。本文首先总结了国内外滚压装置的发展现状;其次论述了超声滚压机理研究的主要方法（理论法、有限元法和实验法）研究进展,指出以上3种方法的优缺点及待解决问题;随后总结了超声滚压对表面完整性（包括微观结构、表面形貌、微观硬度、残余应力）的影响规律,超声滚压对提高抗疲劳特性及其他性能影响,并指出超声滚压目前存在的不足及尚待解决的问题;最后就超声滚压技术进一步研究和发展方向进行展望,从而为曲面的超声滚压制造提供一定的参考。     

A novel approach for predicting inlet pressure of aircraft hydraulic pumps under transient conditions

Cavitation caused by insufficient suction is a major factor that influences the life of aircraft pumps. Currently, pressurizing the tank can solve the cavitation problem under steady large-flow conditions. However, this method is not always effective under transient conditions (from zero flow to full flow in a very short time). Moreover, to apply and design other measures, such as a boost impeller, the suction dynamics during the transient period must be investigated. In this paper, a novel approach based on the pressure wave propagation theory is proposed for predicting the inlet pressure of an aircraft pump under transient conditions. First, a dynamic model of a typical aircraft pump is established in the form of differential equations. Then, the transient flow model of the inlet line is described using momentum and continuity equations, and the governing equations are discretized by the method of characteristics and the finite difference method. The simulated results are in good agreement with the results from verification tests. Further simulation analysis indicates that the wave velocity and transient time may influence the inlet and reservoir pressure as well as the size of the inlet line. Finally, solutions for upgrading the inlet pressure are discussed. These solutions provide guidelines for designing inlet installations.     

均匀各向同性大气湍流对声爆传播特性的影响

基于离散Fourier模态有限和生成的随机大气湍流场,采用修正波形参数方法,开展了均匀各向同性大气湍流对典型超声速客机声爆传播特性的影响分析。计算采用的超声速客机模型为自行生成的简化超声速公务机模型。首先,应用航空工业空气动力研究院自主研制的CFD软件ARI_Overset在三维空间求解Navier-Stokes方程,得到作为声爆远场传播初始值的近场空间压力分布;其次,基于Von Karman能量谱,采用离散Fourier模态有限和形式生成随机均匀各向同性大气湍流场;最后,采用修正波形参数方法模拟了声爆信号在随机速度湍流场中的传播过程。数值结果表明：各向同性大气湍流对于地面声爆特征有重要影响。与无湍流状态相比,均匀各向同性大气湍流使得地面声爆特征增强的概率约为55%,使得地面声爆特征减弱的概率约为45%,故总体而言大气湍流效应更倾向于增强地面声爆特征;均匀各向同性大气湍流对于声爆传播路径影响相对较小,但是这一变化仍会导致地面信号接收点的不确定性。     

基于最小约束系统的分布式协作定位研究

5G移动通信系统中,设备到设备的通信方式产生了节点间的信号测量,可用于提升无线定位的覆盖范围和定位精度。提出了一种基于最小约束系统的分布式协作定位方法,该方法首先利用已有算法估计节点参考位置,并据此构建最小约束确定网络的位置及朝向,然后在该约束下极大化由节点间测量引出的似然函数,获得位置估计。理论研究表明,该方法将由节点间测量确定的相对位置拟合到参考位置处,在参考位置等于真实位置时达到最优效果。仿真结果表明,该方法可有效提高定位精度,并具有分布式和可扩展等优点。     

Reconstructed 3-d magnetic field structure and hard X-ray two ribbons for 2000 Bastille-day event

The Bastille-day event in 2000 produced energetic 3B/X5.6 flare with a halo CME, which had great geo-effects consequently. This event has been studied extensively and it is considered that it follows the two-ribbon flare model. The flare/CME event was triggered by an erupting filament and TRACE observations showed formation of giant arcade structures during the flare process. Hard X-ray (HXR) two ribbons revealed for the first time in this flare event (Masuda et al., 2001). The reconstruction of 3-D coronal magnetic fields revealed a magnetic flux rope structure, for the first time, from extrapolation of observed photospheric vector magnetogram data and the flux rope structure was co-spatial with portion of the filament and a UV bright lane (Yan et al., 2001a, 2001b). Here we review some recent work related to the flux rope structure and the HXR two ribbons by comparing their locations and the flux temporal profiles during the flare process so as to understand the energy release and particle accelerations. It is proposed that the rope instability may have triggered the flare event, and reconnection may occur during this process. The drifting pulsation structure in the decimetric frequency range is considered to manifest the rope ejection, or the initial phase of the coronal mass ejection. The HXR two ribbons were distributed along the flux rope and the rope foot points coincide with HXR sources. The energy dissipation from IPS observations occurred within about 100 R _⋅ is consistent with the estimate for the flux rope system. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

基于检测结果的涡轮叶片精铸型腔反变形优化设计

针对空心涡轮叶片精铸过程中的试错法和数值仿真法难以敏捷反应铸件的真实变形情况,提出一种基于检测结果的精铸零件反变形综合补偿方法.通过对精铸叶片试模样件进行三坐标检测及统计分析,得到叶身截面收缩、扭转和弯曲变形情况,并建立其综合补偿反变形模具型腔优化算法,实现精铸型腔的反变形优化设计.以精铸叶片试模样件叶尖处截面为例,其叶身段型面误差、前缘最大误差、后缘最大误差相对于未补偿前分别减少了50%,68%和31%.实例验证表明:其研究成果能有效提高空心涡轮叶片的精铸成型精度,达到精确控形的目的.      

应用于强化传热的相变材料微胶囊的制备及特性

相变材料微胶囊(MEPCM)悬浮液是一种高热容冷却介质,其应用可大幅提高高功率设备液体冷却性能。本文对相变材料微胶囊的制备及其热特性进行了研究,研制了以蜜胺树脂为壁材、22烷为芯材、粒径10微米、不同芯材含量且适合于电子设备液体冷却的双层壁MEPCM。通过光学显微镜以及扫描电镜(SEM)观察到包覆完好的圆球状MEPCM。研究了制备过程中影响粒径以及包覆特性的因素。最后的DSC热分析表明了MEPCM具有很高的蓄热能力。      

QD-128--1种由航空发动机派生的轻型燃气轮机

介绍了在中国第1台具有自主知识产权的"昆仑"航空发动机的基础上,成功地派生发展出的QD-128燃气轮机的设计特点和试验经验,证明了"航机改燃机"是发展燃气轮机事业的捷径.     

纹影技术中光源的选择与设计方法

在纹影技术应用过程中,纹影光源的性能一定程度上决定了拍摄结果的优劣。不同种类的光源,得到的拍摄效果不同,对于某种特定拍摄需求,光源的选择和设计也不同。如何选择和设计合适的纹影光源,对于最终拍摄结果的好坏至关重要。结合纹影技术在工程实际中的应用,分析了不同被测对象对光源的需求,总结了几种常见光源的应用情况及其特点,提供了一种光源参数设计的方法。在实验室典型超声速自由射流流场测量中,对卤钨灯、氙灯和激光3种纹影光源的应用进行了对比分析。所提出的纹影光源的选择与设计方法,具有一定的工程实验参考价值。