一种验证科氏加速度存在的实验装置及其动力学分析

科氏加速度是理论力学中公认的教学重点和难点,如何将科氏加速度形象地展示出来一直是学者与高校老师追求的目标。针对这一知识点,结合地球仪的外形,巧妙地实现了小球在科氏地球仪上旋转运动和直线运动的完美结合。根据科氏加速度理论,设计转速可调的旋转平台,在平台上设置能实现不同速度的直线运动装置,小球在旋转平台上作直线运动,从而受到科氏力的作用。初始状态时,安装在运动装置内的钢球处于平衡状态;工作时,由于科氏力的作用,钢球压迫弹簧,弹簧发生变形,利用滑轮、引线和位移补偿丝杆组成的传递机构,将弹簧变形量传递到显示装置,从而显示科氏加速度的存在。与现有科氏加速度验证实验装置所不同的是,此装置结构新颖,能吸引学生深入理解和掌握科氏加速度的概念。     

Sliding mode control design for oblique wing aircraft in wing skewing process

When the wing of Oblique Wing Aircraft (OWA) is skewed, the center of gravity, inertia and aerodynamic characteristics of the aircraft all significantly change, causing an undesirable flight dynamic response, affecting the flying qualities, and even endangering the flight safety. In this study, the dynamic response of an OWA in the wing skewing process is simulated, showing that the three-axis movements of the OWA are highly coupled and present nonlinear characteristics during the wing skewing. As the roll control efficiency of the aileron decreases due to the shortened control arm in an oblique configuration, the all-moving horizontal tail is used for additional roll and the control allocation is performed based on minimum control energy. Given the properties of pitch-roll-yaw coupling and control input and state coupling, and the difficulty of establishing an accurate aerodynamic model in the wing skewing process due to unsteady aerodynamic force, a multi-loop sliding mode controller is formulated by the time-scale separation method. The closed-loop simulation results show that the asymmetric aerodynamics can be balanced and that the velocity and altitude of the aircraft maintain stable, which means that a smooth transition is obtained during the OWA’s wing skewing.     

直流电机起动的变分与能效仿真

为了提升直流电动机起动效率,对其起动进行变分,得到唯一的转速下凹抛物极值轨线。通过仿真比较,验证此为最低能效的轨线。故而考虑其他几种起动轨线以寻找出能效最优的轨线,尤其是与变分极值轨线相对偶的凸抛物轨线,经仿真验证其为高能效轨线。另外经仿真验证,恒定高电流的简单起动方法也可以进一步提升效率。     

星载SAR在轨成像实时处理算法研究

星载合成孔径雷达(SAR)分辨率和幅宽的不断提高,其产生的原始数据率越来越大,采用在轨实时成像处理形成图像,在图像域再进行传统的图像数据处理和传输,有助于降低星-地数据传输速率,为了提高星载SAR在轨成像处理的实时性,文章分析了星上特殊条件对星载SAR处理算法实时性所提出的约束,对RD、波束域、CS等经典的星载SAR成像处理算法的运算量进行了比较,以CS算法为例,研究了相位补偿因子对CS成像处理算法的实时性影响,提出了一种补偿因子区域不变的CS成像算法,它极大地减少了成像处理算法的运算量,并通过仿真实验结果验证了该算法的有效性。     

固体发动机喷管延伸锥展开前级间分离的热环境分析

通过FLUENT流场计算软件,采用RNGK k-ε湍流模型,针对带有延伸喷管的多级固体发动机级间热分离的热环境进行了数值分析。研究表明,延伸喷管尾流受到连接筒、前封头、延伸段的阻碍后,其流动特征变化显著,尤其在一级前封头的影响下形成回流,并在喷管内形成激波。计算得到的热环境参数,对发动机的热防护设计具有一定的参考价值。     

Experimental study of a flush wall scramjet combustor equipped with strut/wall fuel injection

In this study a flush wall scramjet combustor is tested in a supersonic incoming air flow with the Mach number of 3 which is generated by an air vitiation heater producing the stagnation temperature of 1505 K. Using liquid kerosene as the fuel, the flame is stabilized by means of a centrally mounted O₂ pilot strut after being ignited by a plasma torch. During experimental measurements, the fuel is injected with a constant equivalence ratio of 0.8 according to specified strut/wall injection ratios, i.e., a portion of the fuel amount is injected from the strut while the rest is injected from the wall. The strut and wall injectors are arranged at the same axial position. The combustion performance and wall temperature gradients are evaluated with various fuel feeding ratios between the wall and the strut. Experimental results show, when the equivalence ratio is constant and the axial injection position is fixed, the combustion characteristics vary significantly with the strut/wall fuel feeding ratio, especially when this ratio is close to its lowest and highest limits. Among the four fuel feeding ratios examined, the strut only injection mode and the average distributed strut/wall injection mode show the best combustion performance. However, the strut/wall injection mode produces a smaller wall temperature gradient compared to the strut only injection mode, which is due to the significant film cooling effect caused by the wall injected liquid kerosene.     

Numerical investigation of the impact of asymmetric fuel injection on shock train characteristics

Numerical simulations are carried out to investigate the impact of asymmetric fuel injection on shock train characteristics using the commercial-code FLUENT. The asymmetry of fuel injection is examined by changing the fuel flow rates of the upper and lower wall fuel injectors. The numerical approach solves the two-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations, supplemented with a k-ω model of turbulence. As a result, different ways of fuel injections will always lead to shock train transitions, with the variations of shock train structure, strength and leading edge position. For symmetric fuel injection, the flowfield of the isolator is quite asymmetric with the boundary layer of the upper wall side developing much stronger than that of the lower wall, which is due to the heterogeneity of the incoming flow. Regarding to asymmetric fuel injection with more of lower wall side, though the pressures in the combustor are nearly the same, the first shock of the shock train converts between ‘Distinct symmetric X type shock’ and ‘Obscure and weaker asymmetric shock’ and the shock train leading edge moves upstream with the increase of the asymmetry level. With regard to asymmetric fuel injection with more of upper wall side, ‘incomplete asymmetric X type shock’ occurs and the shock train structures keep nearly the same with low level of fuel injection asymmetry. Unexpected results like unstart will happen when increasing the level of fuel injection asymmetry. And the isolator will come back to normal state by decreasing the differential of upper and lower wall sides fuel injections.     

提高铂电阻温度计测量精度的方法研究

分析了检定规程对铂电阻温度计的要求,通过研究铂电阻温度计的测温特性,提出了提高铂电阻温度计测量精度的方法,并给出了在温度校准点的测量不确定度.     

关于加强高校网络思想政治教育的理论探讨

网络信息技术的快速发展,为高校思想政治工作提供了新的手段,极大地拓展了思想政治工作的空间和渠道。思想政治教育工作者有必要深入研究学生思想活动的新情况、新特点,充分发挥网络信息技术的优势,创新思想政治工作的方法、形式和手段,进而完善高校思想政治工作体制。     

考虑摩擦的空间抓捕过程碰撞动力学分析与控制

目前针对空间抓捕中的碰撞进行建模的方法中很少考虑摩擦因素。然而,摩擦作为碰撞过程中不可避免的现象,对碰撞动力学响应及整个空间抓捕任务有着不容忽视的影响。文章结合库伦摩擦理论和拉格朗日乘子法,建立了同时兼顾滑动和粘滞状态的摩擦模型,然后将求解到的摩擦力与碰撞力进行矢量合成,作为对碰撞模型的修正。另外,针对碰撞过程对机器人姿态产生的干扰,利用反 馈线性化设计了解耦控制器对基座姿态漂移进行稳定控制。数值仿真采用一个平面2灢DOF空间机器人,利用动量和动量矩守恒定理验证了动力学模型的正确性,同时基座姿态控制结果收敛说明了控制器的有效性。