NASA TrapWing高升力标模数值模拟研究

针对NASA TrapWing高升力全展襟翼构型，采用计算流体力学（ CFD）方法进行三维复杂流场仿真模拟，考察网格尺度和湍流模型对高升力模型气动特性的影响。采用“超立方体”概念，生成绕TrapWing模型的不同网格密度高质量多块结构网格，通过求解雷诺平均Navier-Stokes方程，研究网格尺度对高升力模型气动特性的影响。在此基础上选取中等规模计算网格，考察Spalart Allmaras和Menter k-ωSST湍流模型对高升力全展构型流场模拟能力，分析湍流模型对气动特性的影响。研究结果表明：网格策略具有较好的网格收敛性；湍流模型对翼稍附近位置上翼面压力系数的预测稍有影响，SA湍流模型预测的压力系数较SST更接近实验值。确认研究工作为大型飞机增升装置数值模拟提供了一定的参考。     

Experiment on a Double-Foot Stepping Piezoelectric Linear Motor

A novel double-foot piezoelectric linear motor is proposed.The kinematic model of the motor under stepping motion is presented.The motor mainly consists of a stator with four piezoelectric stacks,a mover,a holding mechanism,and a preloading mechanism to achieve large stroke with high resolution.Finite element simulations are carried out to analyze the motion characteristics of the motor.A prototype is fabricated and a serial experiments are conducted to validate the feasibility of the motor principle.Experimental results indicate that the motor can move at a speed of 670.22μm/s with a driving frequency of 120 Hz and a voltage of 120 V.The resolution of the proposed motor is 3.6μm while the resolution of the single-step motion is 0.1μm.     

某细长涡轮轴加工工艺研究

以某细长涡轮轴的加工为研究对象,从加工工艺性、刀具选择、工艺方案等几个方面进行了阐述,并针对加工过程中遇到的问题,提出了解决方案,形成了合理的加工工艺流程,并经过实践验证,值得推广应用。     

惯性平台系统摇摆条件下的漂移处理方法

惯性平台在摇摆条件下,由于轴端摩擦力矩的存在,导致在摇摆运动时影 响平台稳定性,引起平台各轴附加常值漂移。介绍了两种惯性平台摇摆条件下的漂移处 理方法, 第一种方法利用平台轴端框架角传感器的输出数据, 首先使用离散傅里叶变 换得到数据频谱, 其次根据数据频谱设计数字滤波器, 对得到的数据进行滤波处理, 最后使用线性回归法对滤波后的数据进行拟合, 从而得到摇摆条件下平台摇摆漂移; 第二种方法使用加速度计的输出, 根据敏感的加速度可以得到敏感轴与重力加速度的 角度, 由此计算出摇摆过程的漂移速度。实验表明, 频谱分析法可以进行三个方向的 计算, 但台体轴结果的稳定性不好; 加速度输出拟合方法虽只可进行两个方向的计 算,但稳定性较好。     

UMR: A utility-maximizing routing algorithm for delay-sensitive service in LEO satellite networks

This paper develops a routing algorithm for delay-sensitive packet transmission in a low earth orbit multi-hop satellite network consists of micro-satellites. The micro-satellite low earth orbit(MS-LEO) network endures unstable link connection and frequent link congestion due to the uneven user distribution and the link capacity variations. The proposed routing algorithm,referred to as the utility maximizing routing(UMR) algorithm, improve the network utility of the MS-LEO network for carrying flows with strict end-to-end delay bound requirement. In UMR, first, a link state parameter is defined to capture the link reliability on continuing to keep the end-to-end delay into constraint; then, on the basis of this parameter, a routing metric is formulated and a routing scheme is designed for balancing the reliability in delay bound guarantee among paths and building a path maximizing the network utility expectation. While the UMR algorithm has many advantages, it may result in a higher blocking rate of new calls. This phenomenon is discussed and a weight factor is introduced into UMR to provide a flexible performance option for network operator. A set of simulations are conducted to verify the good performance of UMR, in terms of balancing the traffic distribution on inter-satellite links, reducing the flow interruption rate,and improving the network utility.     

A novel in-plane mode rotary ultrasonic motor

Ultrasonic motors have the merits of high ratio of torque to volume, high positioning precision, intrinsic holding torque, etc., compared to the conventional electromagnetic motors. There have been several potential applications for this type of motor in aerospace exploration, but bearings and bonding mechanism of the piezoelectric ring in the motors limit the performance of them in the space operation conditions. It is known that the Langevin type transducer has excel- lent energy efficiency and reliability. Hence using the Langevin type transducer in ultrasonic motors may improve the reliability of piezoelectric motors for space applications. In this study, a novel in-plane mode rotary ultrasonic motor is designed, fabricated, and characterized. The proposed motor operates in in-plane vibration mode which is excited by four Langevin-type bending vibra- tors separately placed around a ring-shaped stator. Two tapered rotors are assembled to the inner ring of the stator and clamped together by a screw nut. In order to make the motor more stable and convenient to fix, a thin cylindrical support is placed under the stator ring. Due to its no-bearing structure and Langevin transducer excitation, the prototype ultrasonic motor may operate well in aeronautic and astronautic environments.     

脉冲爆震火箭发动机同轴喷注器实验研究

为了使液态燃料在脉冲爆震火箭发动机爆震室内形成雾化均匀的小液滴,并且与气态氧化剂掺混后形成空间分布均匀的混合气,设计了适用于脉冲爆震火箭发动机的气液同轴剪切式喷注器。实验研究了三种喷注器结构对脉冲爆震发动机工作过程的影响,结果表明,采用同轴剪切式喷注器的脉冲爆震发动机在20Hz能够产生稳定、连续和充分发展的爆震波。实验中发现,在同时满足雾化良好以及爆震室填充均匀的条件下,喷注器的出气口存在一个最佳面积,实验研究中喷注器出气口的最佳直径在12mm左右。     

An integrated graphic–taxonomic–associative approach to analyze human factors in aviation accidents

Human factors are critical causes of modern aviation accidents. However, existing accident analysis methods encounter limitations in addressing aviation human factors, especially in complex accident scenarios. The existing graphic approaches are effective for describing accident mechanisms within various categories of human factors, but cannot simultaneously describe inadequate human–aircraft–environment interactions and organizational deficiencies effectively, and highly depend on analysts' skills and experiences. Moreover, the existing methods do not emphasize latent unsafe factors outside accidents. This paper focuses on the above three limitations and proposes an integrated graphic–taxonomic–associative approach. A new graphic model named accident tree(AcciTree), with a two-mode structure and a reaction-based concept, is developed for accident modeling and safety defense identification. The AcciTree model is then integrated with the well-established human factors analysis and classification system(HFACS) to enhance both reliability of the graphic part and logicality of the taxonomic part for improving completeness of analysis. An associative hazard analysis technique is further put forward to extend analysis to factors outside accidents, to form extended safety requirements for proactive accident prevention. Two crash examples, a research flight demonstrator by our team and an industrial unmanned aircraft, illustrate that the integrated approach is effective for identifying more unsafe factors and safety requirements.     

环境压力对双组分运动液滴蒸发特征影响的理论研究

为获得亚临界条件下,环境压力对双组分运动液滴蒸发特性的影响规律,基于多组分液滴蒸发模型,对癸烷—乙醇二元混合液滴在高温氮气环境下的运动蒸发过程开展模型研究。通过模型计算,获得了液滴内部浓度分布、温度分布和液滴速度随时间的变化;分析了在环境压力0.1MPa和2MPa下,不同浓度液滴温度、尺寸及表面乙醇浓度的变化特征。结果表明:双组分液滴运动蒸发过程中,内部存在显著浓度和温度梯度,传热扩散快于传质扩散。常压环境下,液滴温度经历瞬态加热和平衡蒸发两个阶段,而高压环境下,液滴温度逐渐升高至接近环境温度。双组分液滴蒸发过程中由于组分浓度随时间变化,其无量纲尺寸随时间变化明显偏离"d 2理论";环境压力越高,液滴运动的贯穿距离越短,蒸发速率越慢。乙醇浓度对液滴蒸发速率的影响有两方面:蒸发前期,乙醇浓度越高,液滴蒸发速率越快;而蒸发后期,乙醇浓度越高,液滴蒸发速率反而越慢。