正六面体工装误差对光纤惯组加速度计零偏标定精度影响分析

研究了利用大理石平板正六面体工装对光纤惯组进行标定时,工装误差对标定精度的影响。首先建立了标定模型,设计了12位置法的标定方案与解算方法,其次分析了工装误差对标定影响的量化关系,并提出减小误差的标定解算方法,最后对理论分析结果进行仿真验证。仿真结果表明,当长宽高为400mm的工装平面度、垂直度、平行度误差均为0.04时,加速度计零偏的标定误差达到0.0001g,与工装误差角大小量级相当。用12位置二向法解算零偏可减小该误差影响。     

MPDT超导磁喷管外部磁场影响分析

由于传统提供附加磁场的液冷铜线圈存在体积大、质量大、电耗大等显著缺点,因此电流密度高、体积小、损耗低的高温超导（HTS）磁体在附加场磁等离子发动机（AF MPDT）上的应用受到了广泛的关注。然而由于超导材料的临界特性,HTS磁体容易受到外部磁场的影响而发生失超。文章通过对MPDT放电回路的简化,采用仿真和试验的方法来分析简化回路通电时激发的磁场,并研究其对外围HTS磁体的影响程度。仿真结果表明,MPDT放电室内部磁场以周向磁场为主,且由于阳极壁面电流对内部磁场的屏蔽作用,使得外部几乎没有磁场分布。试验结果和仿真也取得了良好的一致性,因此在设计超导磁喷管时几乎可以不考虑来自MPDT放电室磁场的影响。该研究为HTS磁体在AF MPDT上的应用提供了参考。     

基于影像数据的冯·卡门撞击坑形貌分析

月球背面南极—艾肯（South Pole-Aitken,SPA）盆地内的冯·卡门（Von Kármán）撞击坑是“嫦娥4号”初步选定的着陆区,该区域的地形地貌分析是任务设计的一个重要环节。根据LOLA （Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter）高程数据和LROC（Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera）影像数据,建立了马尔科夫随机场模型,从聚类的角度对该区域的地形地貌进行了表示和分析。具体而言,利用模型中的似然函数对呈近似正态分布的观测数据进行了建模,模型的标记随机场则刻画了不同地物形貌间的空间关系,并通过概率推断求解出最终的聚类结果。实验结果表明,从聚类角度进行数据表示,可以更好地展示出冯·卡门撞击坑内低对比度区域的地形地貌;而通过设置不同的聚类数目,还有助于分析冯·卡门撞击坑内整体的地形分布与局部的典型地貌。     

铸造铝合金热分析技术研究

介绍了铸造铝合金热分析原理,主要研究了铸造铝合金晶粒度和共晶组织变质的热分析特征,选择和测定了冷却曲线上的ΔTl,tR和ΔTE,te两组特征点,提出了铸造铝合金晶粒细化和共晶硅变质程度的判据,为热分析法铸造铝合金质量控制提供了依据.     

Sociotechnical Systems Evolution and International Stability: 1885-2001

A number of evolutionary sociotechnical patterns associated with the intensification of warfare and movement of the international system into a domain far from equilibrium are discussed. Evolution is extended from the past 100 years to the end of the 20th century with the identification of several likely crises precipitatory to World War III. Systems theoretic interpretation of a number of evolutionary developments is made. The use of systems concepts and systems experts in the management of international stability is discussed further.     

Guided propagation of HF radio waves in the ionosphere

A review is given of the work done in the field of ionospheric guided propagation of HF radio signals from artificial satellites. The possible theoretical approaches to the problem are summarized with more details on the analysis in terms of ray-tracing based on a geometric-optics treatment.A survey is done of the experimental observations performed through satellite transmissions, with particular emphasis on the results obtained through three ad hoc developed experiments: Orbis, S. Marco and OV 4.     

Effect of Random Synchronization Errors in PN and PSK Systems

The effect of a constant synchronization error on PN systems has been studied by Gill [1]. His results are generalized here for random synchronization errors, and extended to PSK systems using decision directed channel measurements [2]. In both cases, it is shown that the effect of random synchronization errors is to reduce the effective input signal power and to introduce an additional self-noise. The effect is minimized when the synchronization error has zero mean and can easily be evaluated in terms of circuit parameters.     

A new dynamical atmospheric ionizing radiation (AIR) model for epidemiological studies.

A new Atmospheric Ionizing Radiation (AIR) model is currently being developed for use in radiation dose evaluation in epidemiological studies targeted to atmospheric flight personnel such as civilian airlines crewmembers. The model will allow computing values for biologically relevant parameters, e.g. dose equivalent and effective dose, for individual flights from 1945. Each flight is described by its actual three dimensional flight profile, i.e. geographic coordinates and altitudes varying with time. Solar modulated primary particles are filtered with a new analytical fully angular dependent geomagnetic cut off rigidity model, as a function of latitude, longitude, arrival direction, altitude and time. The particle transport results have been obtained with a technique based on the three-dimensional Monte Carlo transport code FLUKA, with a special procedure to deal with HZE particles. Particle fluxes are transformed into dose-related quantities and then integrated all along the flight path to obtain the overall flight dose. Preliminary validations of the particle transport technique using data from the AIR Project ER-2 flight campaign of measurements are encouraging. Future efforts will deal with modeling of the effects of the aircraft structure as well as inclusion of solar particle events.     

A Survey of Field-Aligned Mach Number and Plasma Beta in the Solar Wind

We have surveyed solar wind plasma beta and field-aligned Alfvénic Mach number using Ulysses and Wind data. We show the characteristic timescale and occurrence frequency of ‘magnetically dominated’ solar wind, whose interaction with a planetary magnetosphere may produce a bow shock with multiple shock fronts. We discuss radial, latitudinal, and solar cycle effects. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Extragalactic observations and future missions

We briefly review some questions of extragalactic astrophysics and cosmology that would most benefit from future missions outside the Earth's atmosphere in the IR and submillimeter. These include the formation and early evolution phases in galaxies and the probably related question of quasar formation; the observation of Active Galactic Nuclei embedded in thick dusty structures (torii) and its impact on the still debated unified model of AGN activity; the observability of radiation processes occurring at very highz through background measurements; the investigation of the large scale structure and velocity field in the distant universe; and studies of the interstellar medium in galaxies. Some more emphasis is given on the galaxy formation problem, because we believe that IR-mm sensitive observations will be crucial to its final solution.