飞机舱门失效乘客减载计算方法的探讨

从适航当局、航空器制造商要求出发,从适航角度探寻了飞机舱门失效时需要进行旅客人数减载的原因。根据FAA、EASA、CAAC对各种机型舱门失效的要求,对比分析了各民航体系的要求差异,总结了舱门失效时计算旅客人数减载量的方法。在舱门失效对旅客人数进行减载时,航空公司需要综合考虑航班是否为跨水航班、舱门性能、救生筏性能。根据实际飞机客舱布局,结合航班的销售情况,在满足适航要求的同时,将因客舱门失效带来的经济损失降到最低。通过公式和表格,可以比较迅速地完成旅客人数减载量计算和减载区域指定。最后根据分析和实例计算,发现FAA体系下计算方法简单,但是对减载区域的限制比较严格;EASA计算方法比较繁琐,但在指定减载区域时比较灵活。     

芳香族聚酰胺纤维在航空领域的研究进展

介绍了国内外芳香族聚酰胺纤维的历史发展,归纳了其优异的热力性能、稳定性和电绝缘性,分类概述了其在军民用领域的应用潜力,进而系统阐述了芳香族聚酰胺纤维及其复合材料在蜂窝材料、压力瓶、飞机轮胎、发动机等航空领域的应用,总结出我国在发展芳香族聚酰胺纤维方面面临高性能和高产能的需求。     

GRACE gravity field modeling with an investigation on correlation between nuisance parameters and gravity field coefficients

The GRACE (Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment) monthly gravity models have been independently produced and published by several research institutions, such as Center for Space Research (CSR), GeoForschungsZentrum (GFZ), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES) and Delft Institute of Earth Observation and Space Systems (DEOS). According to their processing standards, above institutions use the traditional variational approach except that the DEOS exploits the acceleration approach. The background force models employed are rather similar. The produced gravity field models generally agree with one another in the spatial pattern. However, there are some discrepancies in the gravity signal amplitude between solutions produced by different institutions. In particular, 10%–30% signal amplitude differences in some river basins can be observed. In this paper, we implemented a variant of the traditional variational approach and computed two sets of monthly gravity field solutions using the data from January 2005 to December 2006. The input data are K-band range-rates (KBRR) and kinematic orbits of GRACE satellites. The main difference in the production of our two types of models is how to deal with nuisance parameters. This type of parameters is necessary to absorb low-frequency errors in the data, which are mainly the aliasing and instrument errors. One way is to remove the nuisance parameters before estimating the geopotential coefficients, called NPARB approach in the paper. The other way is to estimate the nuisance parameters and geopotential coefficients simultaneously, called NPESS approach. These two types of solutions mainly differ in geopotential coefficients from degree 2 to 5. This can be explained by the fact that the nuisance parameters and the gravity field coefficients are highly correlated, particularly at low degrees. We compare these solutions with the official and published ones by means of spectral analysis. It is found that our solutions are, in general, consistent with others in the spatial pattern. The water storage variations of the Amazon, Chari and Ganges river basins have also been computed. The variations computed with the NPARB approach are closer to those produced by JPL and DEOS solutions, while the variations produced with the NPESS approach are in good agreement with those produced by the CSR and GFZ solutions. A simulation study is implemented with considering realistic noise and low-frequency error. The two approaches are used to recover the true model. The NPESS solution appears closer to the true one. Therefore we are inclined to estimate the nuisance parameters simultaneously with the geopential coefficients.     

基于室内无线模型的穿墙损耗校正

K-M（Keenan-Motley）模型将单墙固定损耗值相加来计算室内无线信号穿透多墙的总损耗值,存在较大误差。针对该问题选取多种室内场景分别进行连续波（Continuous Wave,CW）测试,对无线信号穿墙损耗的影响因素和变化规律进行分析,提出了一种基于人工神经网络的室内无线模型穿墙损耗校正方法,对预处理后的测试数据进行训练并建立预测模型。经验证该预测模型符合校正判别准则,在实际场景下具有良好的预测准确度。     

新型低密度Nb-Ti合金抗氧化涂层制备及组织性能分析

针对新型低密度Nb-Ti合金抗氧化性能需求,开展了Si-Cr-Ti系抗氧化涂层研究,重点分析了所制备涂层抗氧化性能和微观组织在氧化前后的变化。结果表明,1 200℃下涂层寿命大于10 h,涂层抗热震性能良好;涂层与基体之间形成一层扩散层,保证了涂层的结合强度;在高温大气环境下,涂层表面生成一种隔绝氧气填补涂层表面空隙的玻璃质SiO_2层,因而具有良好的抗氧化性能。     

卫星控制系统测试数据自动判读系统设计

针对卫星控制系统测试数据类型多和数据量大的特点,人工判读方式存在判读时间长和判读精度不够高等不足,分析了卫星控制系统测试数据的变化规律,建立了测试数据的判读规则,在此基础上完成自动判读方法设计和自动判读系统设计,该系统能够按照设置的判读规则进行自动判读,对判读结果进行实时显示和存储,提高了测试效率和判读的准确性.     

伺服动力电源技术发展概述

近年来,机电伺服系统在航空、航天领域得到了广泛应用,逐渐形成了新的推力矢量控制和舵面控制实现方式,并推动了伺服动力电源的多样性发展。研究了国外运载火箭、导弹及飞机伺服动力电源技术的发展现状,梳理了各类场景中伺服动力电源的应用特点及未来需求,对比了常见的热电池、锌银电池、锂离子电池及涡轮发电等各类伺服动力电源的技术特点,并提出了高电压、高比功率、高比容量（新型电池,涡轮发电）、一体化/智能化/高可靠等伺服动力电源技术的未来发展方向。