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251.
V.P. Kim J.Y. Liu V.V. Hegai 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2012
This paper presents the results of modeling the ionospheric effect of the seismogenic electrostatic field (SEF) seen at the earth’s surface as a perturbation of the vertical atmospheric electrostatic field in the earthquake preparation zone. The SEF distribution at ionospheric altitudes is obtained as an analytical solution of the continuity equation for the electric current density. It is shown that at night, the horizontally large scale SEF can efficiently penetrate into the ionosphere and produce noticeable changes in the horizontal distribution of the F region electron density. The results suggest that the seismogenic electrostatic field could be a possible source for the ionospheric variations observed over Taiwan before the strong Chi Chi earthquake of September 21, 1999. 相似文献
252.
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254.
G.P. Wu G.L. Huang Y. Huang D.Y. Wang 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2008,41(6):984-987
Based upon the most efficient electron acceleration near the midplane of 3D non-neutral driven reconnecting current sheet (RCS) and the electrostatic wave excitation by the drift Maxwellian distribution of electrons in Vlasov simulation, we assume that the electrostatic waves mainly propagate opposite to the reconnecting electric field and investigated how these waves affect the electron acceleration. The main results are: (1) when the electron’s velocity equals to the phase speed of the waves, they will be trapped and have the different accelerating characteristics from the untrapped electrons through solving the momentum equations of electrons analytically; (2) the test particle simulations further prove that the number of the energetic electrons decreases with the increasing intensity of unstable waves, and the distribution of the energetic electrons takes on the double power-law. 相似文献
255.
T. Takada R. Nakamura Y. Asano W. Baumjohann A. Runov M. Volwerk T.L. Zhang Z. Vörös K. Keika B. Klecker H. Rème E.A. Lucek C. Carr H.U. Frey 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2008,41(10):1585-1592
We examined two consecutive plasma sheet oscillation and dipolarization events observed by Cluster in the magnetotail, which are associated with a pseudo-breakup and a small substorm monitored by the IMAGE spacecraft. Energy input from the solar wind and an associated enhancement of the cross-tail current lead to current sheet thinning and plasma sheet oscillations of 3–5 min periods, while the pseudo-breakups occur during the loading phase within a spatially limited area, accompanied by a localized dipolarization observed by DSP TC1 or GOES 12. That is, the so-called “growth phase” is a preferable condition for both pseudo-breakup and plasma sheet oscillations in the near-Earth magnetotail. One of the plasma sheet oscillation events occurs before the pseudo-breakup, whereas the other takes place after pseudo-breakup. Thus there is no causal relationship between the plasma sheet oscillation events and pseudo-breakup. As for the contribution to the subsequent small substorm, the onset of the small substorm took place where the preceding plasma sheet oscillations can reach the region. 相似文献
256.
Y. Wu S.G. Jin Z.M. Wang J.B. Liu 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2010
The detection and repair of the cycle slip or gross error is a key step for high precision global positioning system (GPS) carrier phase navigation and positioning due to interruption or unlocking of GPS signal. A number of methods have been developed to detect and repair cycle slips in the last two decades through cycle slip linear combinations of available GPS observations, but such approaches are subject to the changing GPS sampling and complex algorithms. Furthermore, the small cycle slip and gross error cannot be completely repaired or detected if the sampling is quite longer under some special observation conditions, such as Real Time Kinematic (RTK) positioning. With the development of the GPS modernization or Galileo system with three frequencies signals, it may be able to better detect and repair the cycle slip and gross error in the future. In this paper, the cycle slip and gross error of GPS carrier phase data are detected and repaired by using a new combination of the simulated multi-frequency GPS carrier phase data in different conditions. Results show that various real-time cycle slips are completely repaired with a gross error of up to 0.2 cycles. 相似文献
257.
Eigenstructure Assignment for Linear Systems 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Andry A.N. Shapiro E.Y. Chung J.C. 《IEEE transactions on aerospace and electronic systems》1983,(5):711-729
The use of feedback (full state, output, and constrained output) is considered as a means of shaping the transient response of linear time invariant systems. The underlying importance of the eigenstructure (eigenvalues/eigenvectors) is highlighted. Also, the important results and techniques are presented along with a brief literature review. An extensive flight control example is presented which should give direction to the application of eigenstructure assignment in diverse areas. 相似文献
258.
Sinha A. Kirubarajan T. Bar-Shalom Y. 《IEEE transactions on aerospace and electronic systems》2002,38(1):183-203
In a scenario of closely spaced targets special attention has to be paid to radar signal processing. We present an advanced processing technique, which uses the maximum likelihood (ML) criterion to extract from a monopulse radar separate angle measurements for unresolved targets. This processing results in a significant improvement, in terms of measurement error standard deviations, over angle estimators using the monopulse ratio. Algorithms are developed for Swerling I as well as Swerling III models of radar cross section (RCS) fluctuations. The accuracy of the results is compared with the Cramer Rao lower bound (CRLB) and also to the monopulse ratio technique. A novel technique to detect the presence of two unresolved targets is also discussed. The performance of the ML estimator was evaluated in a benchmark scenario of closely spaced targets - closer than half power beamwidth of a monopulse radar. The interacting multiple model probabilistic data association (IMMPDA) track estimator was used in conjunction with the ML angle extractor 相似文献
259.
Y. J. Kaufman 《Space Science Reviews》2006,125(1-4):139-147
Anthropogenic aerosols affect the climate system and the hydrological cycle. The net effect of aerosols is to cool the climate
system, directly by reflecting sunlight to space, and indirectly by increasing the brightness and cover of clouds that in
turn also reflect more sunlight to space. The uncertainty in the aerosol effect on climate is 5 times greater than that of
the greenhouse gases. The reason for this is the short aerosol lifetime and chemical complexity, that makes it difficult to
represent the global aerosol budget from surface or aircraft measurements. Satellites provide daily global information about
the aerosol content, generating large statistics with excellent regional and global representation of the aerosol column concentration,
and differentiating fine from coarse aerosol. Here we use observations performed with the MODIS instrument onboard the Terra
and Aqua satellites to differentiate natural from anthropogenic aerosols, and to measure the aerosol effect on cloud properties
and on the reflectivity of sunlight. 相似文献
260.
A. Sprague J. Warell G. Cremonese Y. Langevin J. Helbert P. Wurz I. Veselovsky S. Orsini A. Milillo 《Space Science Reviews》2007,132(2-4):399-431
Mercury’s surface is thought to be covered with highly space-weathered silicate material. The regolith is composed of material
accumulated during the time of planetary formation, and subsequently from comets, meteorites, and the Sun. Ground-based observations
indicate a heterogeneous surface composition with SiO2 content ranging from 39 to 57 wt%. Visible and near-infrared spectra, multi-spectral imaging, and modeling indicate expanses
of feldspathic, well-comminuted surface with some smooth regions that are likely to be magmatic in origin with many widely
distributed crystalline impact ejecta rays and blocky deposits. Pyroxene spectral signatures have been recorded at four locations.
Although highly space weathered, there is little evidence for the conversion of FeO to nanophase metallic iron particles (npFe0), or “iron blebs,” as at the Moon. Near- and mid-infrared spectroscopy indicate clino- and ortho-pyroxene are present at
different locations. There is some evidence for no- or low-iron alkali basalts and feldspathoids. All evidence, including
microwave studies, point to a low iron and low titanium surface. There may be a link between the surface and the exosphere
that may be diagnostic of the true crustal composition of Mercury. A structural global dichotomy exists with a huge basin
on the side not imaged by Mariner 10. This paper briefly describes the implications for this dichotomy on the magnetic field
and the 3 : 2 spin : orbit coupling. All other points made above are detailed here with an account of the observations, the
analysis of the observations, and theoretical modeling, where appropriate, that supports the stated conclusions. 相似文献