美伊联军进攻费卢杰

美军为了剿灭伊拉克内部伊斯兰反美武装势力，确保伊拉克大选的安全，在11月9日于伊拉克临时政府总统阿拉维的授权下发动“幻影愤怒”作战（Operation Al Fajr），猛攻伊斯兰反美武装逊尼派的大本营——费卢杰（Fallujah），作战目的为彻底扫除藏身在费卢杰，以恐怖分子扎卡维为首的逊屁派激进分子。为了配合美军作战，伊拉克临时政府总统建阿拉维也宣布全伊拉克除了北部库尔德族自治区之外，全面进入紧急状态60天，实施大规模绥靖，意图借此弥平伊拉克境内层出不穷的伊斯兰反美武装激进派民兵游击队攻击事件，为2005年1月的大选铺路。     

意大利Finmeccanica集团公司及其航空产品

简介意大利Finmeccanica集团公司和该集团的三家下属公司（FIAR公司、Galileo　Avionica航空公司和SELEX　S＆AS公司）的业务范围及其主要航空产品，主要介绍该集团的7种机载雷达的简况、功能、工作模式和性能参数。图文并茂，数据丰富。     

美国两种新型机载气象雷达

Primus700机载气象雷达系列新成员 霍尼韦尔公司研发的军民两用新型机载气象雷达Primus701A已经获得美国联邦航空局（FAA）技术标准法规局的批准。型号尾标“A”表示雷达系统能与目前军民用飞机都采用的ARINC-708标准数据接口兼容。因此，新的雷达系统可以作为陆军的商用货架产品，采购成本将显著低于同类军用产品。     

采用GMTI雷达跟踪难以确定的动-停-动目标的VS-IMM评估器

提出了可变结构相互作用的多模型(V-IMM)评估器的设计，它采用从机载传感器中获得的地面动目标指示(GMTI)的报告来跟踪难以确定的地面目标。为了避开GMTI传感器的探测，目标采用“动-停-动”模式，即目标在加速之前的某个时候以非常低的速度运动或停止。在这种情况下，当目标的径向速度(沿传感器的视线方向)降至低于某个最小的可探测速度时，传感器就无法探测到目标。在这种条件下，如果使用的传感器不能识别“动-停-动”运动模式，将破坏目标的运动轨迹。本文所提出的VS-IMM评估器就是处理难以确定“动-停-动”目标的运动，在这里，当目标的速度降至某个门限以下，跟踪模型就包括了“停止-目标”模式。采用停止目标模型后，即使在目标检测不连续时仍能保持跟踪的稳定。文中采用仿真的方法来说明设计参数的选择和跟踪器的具体设计。最后，对使用停止目标模式的VS-IMM评估器和传统的：IMM评估器进行性能比较。     

电子扫描天线

随着近50年来的技术发展，雷达的工作能力得到了很大的改善。在早期雷达功率管得到不断改进之后。数字信号处理技术成为二十世纪70年代的首项技术，使雷达具有了杂波抑制和下视能力。可编程信号处理机开辟了多功能雷达的道路。如今，由于电扫阵列(ESA)和有源ESA(ASEA)而有了新的突破，使雷达能够进行波束捷变和空间处理(自适应波束形成)。     

Raman spectroscopic analysis of a desert cyanobacterium Nostoc sp. in response to UVB radiation

Cyanobacteria are capable of tolerating environmental extremes. To survive in extreme environments, cyanobacteria have developed the capability to adapt to a variety of stresses. For example, cyanobacteria have adopted a number of strategies with which to survive UV stress, including expression of UV-screening pigments and antioxidant systems. We have previously shown that several antioxidants are significantly expressed in Nostoc sp. by UVB irradiation. We report here that the content of UV-responsive biomarkers such as β-carotene and scytonemin can be easily detected by Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy with use of a small sample size and that the content of β-carotene is dependant on the UVB intensity and exposure time. Our results indicate that Raman spectroscopy may be a helpful tool to analyze UV-protective molecules of cyanobacterium in astrobiological studies without access to large sample sizes and complicated extractions, which are needed by other analytical techniques such as high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry.     

Near Earth Vortices Driving of Field Aligned Currents Based on Magnetosphere Multiscale and Swarm Observations

A long-standing mystery in the study of Field-Aligned Currents (FACs) has been that:how the currents are generated and why they appear to be much stronger at high altitudes than in the ionosphere.Here we present two events of magnetotail FACs observed by the Magnetospheric Multiscale Spacecraft (MMS) on 1st July and 14th July 2016,to show how the Substorm Current Wedges (SCW) were formed.The results show that particles were transferred heading towards the Earth during the expansion phase of substorms. The azimuthal flow formed clockwise (counter-clockwise) vortex-like motion,and then generated downward (upward) FACs on the tailward/poleward side of the distorted field with opposite vorticity on their Earthward/equatorward side.We also analyzed the Region 1 FACs observed by the Earth Explorer Swarm spacecraft on 1st July 2016 and found that they were associated with FACs observed by MMS,although differing by a factor of 10.This difference suggests that either there was the closure of the currents at altitudes above 500 km or the currents were not strictly parallel to B and closed at longitudes away from where they were generated.      

STUDY ON TRANSONIC CASCADE PERFORMANCE BY USE OF NEWLY BUILT FACILITY

Progress in computational fluid dynamics in the field of turbomachine cascades has increased recently the importance of the study by cascade wind tunnels to verify various newly introduced concepts. A transonic cascade wind tunnel test facility has been built for this purpose in the Department of Aeronautics, University of Tokyo. The system and operation of this facility will be explained in detail. The tunnel is of blowdown type, and can be run repeatedly at a short interval. Experimental cascade performances obtained by this facility as well as numerical results for cascades designed along new concepts are discussed.