Nitrogen reduction under hydrothermal vent conditions: implications for the prebiotic synthesis of C-H-O-N compounds

Dinitrogen is reduced in dilute hydrogen sulfide (H2S) solutions to ammonium at 120 degrees C. Experiments with dissolved dinitrogen (partial pressure 50 bar) in a 12 x 10(-3) mol/L H2S(aq) solution yield approximately 10(-5) mol/L NH4+ within 2-7 days. These yields are consistent with the equilibrium NH4+ concentration for the N-S-H system under these conditions. The formation of ammonium is catalyzed by the presence of freshly precipitated iron monosulfide. These results indicate that dinitrogen can be reduced at moderate temperatures in hydrothermal vent systems. Abiotic nitrogen reduction could have taken place within primordial hydrothermal vents, supplying some ammonia for the synthesis of C-H-O-N compounds via abiotic processes. The yield of ammonia via dinitrogen reduction by hydrogen sulfide, however, is so low that it is doubtful this process could have produced enough ammonia to sustain prebiotic hydrothermal synthesis of C-H-O-N compounds in or around vent systems.     

LE—7发动机研制现状

H-Ⅱ运载火箭的第一级发动机LE-7的研制计划目前正处于部件研制阶段,且已在试车台上作了下述试验:(1)燃烧器(点火器、预燃室与主燃烧室)试验;(2)燃料涡轮泵试验;(3)氧化剂涡轮泵试验.所有这些试验均取得了令人满意的结果.     

A DEVELOPMENT OF COMPUTER SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR WING DESIGN

Since it takes a long time to design an aircraft, the succession to or the acquirement of knowledges and technologies is a key to provide to aircraft design high quality and productivity. This paper describes a computer support system for wing design using a new tool based on an object-oriented approach. The system is programmed in a module of objects which represent design tasks or design knowledges. The modulated program gives advantages to maintain and extend the system easily. The system provides to users a flexible support with excellent user interface which consists of mouse, menu-driven system, and window system.     

采用实时MTI处理的双通道雷达系统的飞行试验结果

讨论了实时空时自适应处理（STAP）的两种应用：首先是STAP可以用来抑制杂波和干扰；此外可以用由STAP获得的杂波滤波系数来确定SAR图像中动目标的正确位置。给出了这种实时STAP技术的结果和动目标重新定位技术的结果。用实际SAR数据和测量期间所记录的动目标验证了杂波抑制质量和动目标重新定位精度。     

在直升机平台上进行高分辨率SAR／ISAR成像

海上监视对高分辨率雷达成像模式特别感兴趣。在海上监视应用中，可以使用高分辨率雷达成像模式来支持对已经用传统搜索功能和跟踪功能检测到的海面目标的分类和可能的识别。     

X波段机载雷达的收发模块

增强雷达性能的要求和对付越来越复杂威胁环境的需要促使了地面雷达、船载雷达和机载雷达系统的有源相控阵的研制。对于机载系统，电子扫描波束指向能力所带来的益处是灵活、高效的扫描范围覆盖、工作模式的交替进行（例如同时进行搜索、多目标跟踪和地形回避等）以及在每个工作模式中的动态波束方向图形状优化等。像可靠性增强和雷达横截面降低等其他系统益处也能在此种天线中加以证明。     

A Canadian high-energy neutron spectrometry system for measurements in space

Bubble Technology Industries Inc. (BTI), with the support of the Canadian Space Agency, has finished the construction of the Canadian High-Energy Neutron Spectrometry System (CHENSS). This spectrometer is intended to measure the high energy neutron spectrum (approximately 1-100 MeV) encountered in spacecraft in low earth orbit. CHENSS is designed to fly aboard a US space shuttle and its scientific results should facilitate the prediction of neutron dose to astronauts in space from readings of different types of radiation dosimeters that are being used in various missions.     

用自适应INS、单脉冲MUSIC和STAR（AIMS）进行目标瞄准

利用目标信号估计目标角度会受到主波束干扰的影响，解决该问题的一个办法就是综合多个传感器的数据。自适应单脉冲多信号分类（MUSIC）算法可以在干扰中区辨出目标方位角估值和俯仰角估或真实频谱。但在进行目标识别和分类时，仅依靠这种算法不能得到理想的误差概率。通过综合综合导航系统（INS）和单脉冲雷达的方位与俯仰信号，能提高精确检测目标位置的概率。设计AIMS算的目的是进行目标瞄准，并综合自适应INS系统、四孔径单脉冲雷达和空时自适应信号处理器的信号。自适应INS系统不断测量地基目标的位置变化；四孔径单脉冲雷达用MUSIC算法自适应地降低主波束干扰，实现可靠的角度估计；空时自适应处理机（STAP）则将目标从杂波中分离出来。结果表明，AIMS算法有效地综合了传感器数据。并提出了识别正确目标信息的效率。     

Radio Heliographic Diagnostics of Solar Activity That Governs Space Weather

In this paper, the possibility and some results of radioheliographic study of space weather solar factors are shortly described.     

The Main Results and the Perspectives in the Researches at SSRT

In this report briefly presented the contemporary state of the experimental base of Radio Astrophysical Observatory (RAO) of the Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics (ISTP), the methodology of radioheliographic monitoring of the solar corona, the SSRT database, the RAO Web-pages, factors limiting the effective use of SSRT. Here are formulated the original results of the basic directions of the solar activity researches and the problems solutions on SSRT: (1) active regions at various development stages, morphology, modeling,signs of energy accumulation and flares buildup, forecast of powerful flares; (2) scenario, topology and the fine temporal picture of flares development, signs of primary energy release, radio emission mechanisms, scatter effects of radio emission in turbulent corona, energetic particles fluxes; (3) filaments; (4) CME with the localization of their initiation at the solar disk background, development scenario of filament activation + CME +flare; (5) coronal holes, and (6) bright coronal points.