固体火箭的鲁棒自适应耗尽关机制导方法研究

针对固体火箭的耗尽关机制导问题,提出了一种基于闭路制导和零射程线相结合的自适应耗尽关机制导方法,该方法首先利用闭路制导技术,使待增速度快速收敛;随后基于零射程线理论,设计了对关机时间变化不敏感的零射程线能量耗散管理导引律和末速精调导引律,提高了耗尽关机方法在推力、秒耗、关机时间随机摄动条件下的鲁棒性和自适应性以及制导精度,从而拓展了耗尽关机显示制导方法的工程化应用.     

一种新型并联微动机器人运动学分析

提出了一种新型的少自由度微动并联机器人,利用螺旋理论对于微动并联机器人的自由度进行分析,得到机构正常运动时所需要的驱动个数。利用矢量方法得到微动并联机器人的运动学反解。基于雅可比矩阵的可逆性,研究了微动机器人的奇异问题,从而确定该微动并联机器人的输入和输出之间的关系。     

A salient edges detection algorithm of multi-sensor images and its rapid calculation based on PFCM kernel clustering

Multi-sensor image matching based on salient edges has broad prospect in applications, but it is difficult to extract salient edges of real multi-sensor images with noises fast and accurately by using common algorithms. According to the analysis of the features of salient edges, a novel salient edges detection algorithm and its rapid calculation are proposed based on possibility fuzzy C-means （PFCM） kernel clustering using two-dimensional vectors composed of the values of gray and texture. PFCM clustering can overcome the shortcomings that fuzzy C-means （FCM） cluster- ing is sensitive to noises and possibility C-means （PCM） clustering tends to find identical clusters. On this basis, a method is proposed to improve real-time performance by compressing data sets based on the idea of data reduction in the field of mathematical analysis. In addition, the idea that kernel-space is linearly separable is used to enhance robustness further. Experimental results show that this method extracts salient edges for real multi-sensor images with noises more accurately than the algorithm based on force fields and the FCM algorithm; and the proposed method is on average about 56 times faster than the PFCM algorithm in real time and has better robustness.     

微纳米尺度流动实验研究的问题与进展

微纳米实验流体力学研究的流动特征尺度在1mm～1nm范围,处于宏观流动到分子运动的过渡区。连续介质力学与量子力学这两个经典理论的衔接,提出了诸如连续性假设适用性、边界滑移等基本理论问题。同时从微纳米尺度研究界面处液/固/气的耦合,化学、电学性质对流动的影响值得关注。微纳米实验测量仪器融入了力、电等测量手段,要求测量空间精度达到nm量级,力的测量精度达到pN,时间分辨率达到ns。本文围绕连续性假设适用性、边界滑移、微纳米粒子布朗运动及微尺度涡旋测量等问题,介绍了 Micro/Nano PIV、示踪粒子流场显示等技术应用于微纳流场观测的进展与难点。目前微纳米流动测量仍然沿着经典流体力学测量“小型化”的思路开展,而纳尺度的测量期待着新的实验方法与技术的提出。     

An extended chirp scaling algorithm for spaceborne sliding spotlight synthetic aperture radar imaging

A system impulse response with low sidelobes is critical in synthetic aperture radar（SAR） images because sidelobes contribute to noise and interfere with nearby scatterers. However,the conventional tricks of sidelobe suppression are unable to be exactly applied to the case of spaceborne sliding spotlight SAR due to great azimuth shifts in both time and frequency domains. In this paper, an extended chirp scaling algorithm is presented for spaceborne sliding spotlight SAR data imaging. The proposed algorithm firstly uses the spectral analysis（SPECAN） technique to avoid the azimuth spectrum folding effect and then employs the chirp scaling（CS） algorithm to achieve data focusing, i.e., the so-called two-step approach. To suppress the sidelobe level, an efficient strategy for the azimuth spectral weighting which only involves matrix multiplications and short fast Fourier transformations（FFTs） is proposed, which is a post-process executed on the focused SAR image and particularly simple to be implemented. The SAR image processed by the proposed extended CS algorithm is very precise and perfectly phase-preserving. In the end, computer simulation results verify the analysis and confirm the validity of the proposed algorithm.     

Grinding performance evaluation of porous composite-bonded CBN wheels for Inconel 718

For high-efficiency grinding of difficult-to-cut materials such as titanium and nickel alloys, a high porosity is expected and also a sufficient mechanical strength to satisfy the function.However, the porosity increase is a disadvantage to the mechanical strength. As a promising pore forming agent, alumina bubbles are firstly induced into the abrasive layer to fabricate porous cubic boron nitride（CBN） wheels. When the wheel porosity reaches 45%, the bending strength is still high up to 50 MPa with modified orderly pore distribution. A porous CBN wheel was fabricated with a total porosity around 30%. The grinding performance of the porous composite-bonded CBN wheel was evaluated in terms of specific force, specific grinding energy, and grinding temperature, which were better than those of the vitrified one under the same grinding conditions. Compared to the vitrified CBN wheel, clear straight cutting grooves and less chip adhesion are observed on the ground surface and there is also no extensive loading on the wheel surface after grinding.     

大膨胀比跨声速涡轮流动结构及损失的数值研究

为了揭示跨声速大膨胀比涡轮损失的主要特点和两种不同尾缘冷却方式对损失的影响,以典型大膨胀比跨声速涡轮和跨声速叶栅为研究对象开展了数值研究。研究发现大膨胀比跨声速涡轮的主要损失是叶型损失,占到总损失的65%左右,尾缘激波损失是叶型损失的主要来源。尾缘全劈缝冷气入射通过提高尾缘基压区基压来减少尾缘膨胀波对气流的加速程度,从而降低最高马赫数和激波损失,尾缘压力面劈缝冷气入射通过改变叶片尾缘压力面激波波系结构,使原来的一道激波变成两道或者两道以上的弱激波,从而减少激波损失。两种尾缘冷气方式都有利于降低大膨胀比跨声速涡轮激波损失,但压力面劈缝冷气入射方式效果更为明显。     

S形蒙皮零件成形工艺

通过运用S3F软件对S形蒙皮拉形过程进行模拟仿真分析,评估S蒙皮拉形工艺性;预测拉形过程中将产生的缺陷;制定合理工艺方案;优化零件设计和模具结构;实现了该蒙皮零件在数控蒙皮拉伸机上的拉形。     

试论环境试验的分类

环境试验在装备研制生产过程中不可或缺。环境试验技术是充分考虑装备在其使用寿命周期内所经受的各种环境条件,通过将装备暴露在人工模拟或自然环境条件下,考核其环境适应能力的试验方法。     

运载火箭伺服机构单点失效分析技术及其应用

针对航天复杂产品单点失效模式辨识和控制不充分的问题,介绍了一种运载火箭伺服机构单点失效分析方法。该方法将伺服机构按功能划分为能源、控制和负载力传递回路,每个回路再划分4个子回路,即基本功能子回路、机械连接子回路、电气连接子回路和密封子回路;再根据每个子回路的可靠性框图,判别单点失效环节。研究表明,此方法具备故障树(FTA)的自顶向下的分析路径和故障模式影响分析(FMEA)中的可靠性框图的判别逻辑,且重点考虑了传统分析中易忽视的连接附件,适用于复杂机电产品的单点失效分析。此方法已经在执行我国载人交会对接任务中得到应用,对于工程人员和年轻员工的培训也有借鉴价值和指导作用。