显示界面字符编码工效设计与分析

针对人机显示界面中字符编码的工效设计问题,以封闭模拟驾驶舱为基础,采用32名被试开展静态模拟实验,选取反应时间和反应正确率为工效评价指标,得出不同光照水平、颜色匹配和字符高度下显示界面呈现的中文、英文、数字及符号的辨识绩效.实验结果表明:中/英文、数字和普通符号的辨识绩效差异显著;0~600 lx范围内4个水平光照变化对字符编码辨识绩效影响较小;颜色匹配方式对字符编码辨识绩效影响显著,黄/白、绿/青的字符/背景色匹配方式辨识绩效较差,在字符编码设计中尽量避免使用.通过实验结论及对实验数据的深入分析,建立显示界面字符编码设计的数学模型,为飞机驾驶舱人机显示界面编码设计提供参考.     

整机产品失效机理危害度定量分析方法

针对整机产品失效机理多而复杂、失效数据少、主失效机理分析为定性方法的现状,提出了一种基于Bayes的失效机理危害度定量分析方法.首先利用Dirichlet分布描述产品的先验信息,结合现场失效数据确定失效频率的Bayes后验分布函数,然后通过Slice抽样方法获得失效频率的满条件分布,进而利用Gibbs抽样得到其Bayes估计,从而实现了各失效机理的定量分析.最后在某型光纤连接器失效机理已分析清楚的前提下,分别用FMMEA(Failure Modes,Mechanisms and Effects Analysis)及Bayes方法确定了其主失效机理,结果表明基于Bayes的失效机理危害度定量分析方法考虑了现场未出现的失效机理危害度,其确定的主失效机理比FMMEA结果更具有可信度.     

Low-dose carbon ion irradiation effects on DNA damage and oxidative stress in the mouse testis

To investigate the effects of low-dose carbon ion irradiation on reproductive system of mice, the testes of outbred Kunming strain mice were whole-body irradiated with 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5 and 1 Gy, respectively. We measured DNA double-strand breaks (DNA DSBs) and oxidative stress parameters including malondialdehyde (MDA) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and testis weight and sperm count at 12 h, 21 d and 35 d after irradiation in mouse testis. At 12 h postirradiation, a significant increase in DNA DSB level but no pronounced alterations in MDA content or SOD activity were observed in 0.5 and 1 Gy groups compared with the control group. At 21 d postirradiation, there was a significant reduction in sperm count and distinct enhancements of DSB level and MDA content in 0.5 and 1 Gy groups in comparison with control. At 35 d postirradiation, the levels of DNA DSBs and MDA, and SOD activity returned to the baseline except for the MDA content in 1 Gy (P < 0.05), while extreme falls of sperm count were still observed in 0.5 (P < 0.01) and 1 Gy (P < 0.01) groups. For the 0.05 or 0.1 Gy group, no differences were found in DNA DSB level and MDA content between control and at 12 h, 21 d and 35 d after irradiation, indicating that lower doses of carbon ion irradiation have no significant influence on spermatogenesis processes. In this study, male germ cells irradiated with over 0.5 Gy of carbon ions are difficult to repair completely marked by the sperm count. Furthermore, these data suggest that the deleterious effects may be chronic or delayed in reproductive system after whole-body exposure to acute high-dose carbon ions.     

Geostationary orbit determination using SATRE

A new strategy of precise orbit determination (POD) for GEO (Geostationary Earth Orbit) satellite using SATRE (SAtellite Time and Ranging Equipment) is presented. Two observation modes are proposed and different channels of the same instruments are used to construct different observation modes, one mode receiving time signals from their own station and the other mode receiving time signals from each other for two stations called pairs of combined observations. Using data from such a tracking network in China, the results for both modes are compared. The precise orbit determination for the Sino-1 satellite using the data from 6 June 2005 to 13 June 2005 has been carried out in this work. The RMS (Root-Mean-Square) of observing residuals for 3-day solutions with the former mode is better than 9.1 cm. The RMS of observing residuals for 3-day solutions with the latter mode is better than 4.8 cm, much better than the former mode. Orbital overlapping (3-day orbit solution with 1-day orbit overlap) tests show that the RMS of the orbit difference for the former mode is 0.16 m in the radial direction, 0.53 m in the along-track direction, 0.97 m in the cross-track direction and 1.12 m in the 3-dimension position and the RMS of the orbit difference for the latter mode is 0.36 m in the radial direction, 0.89 m in the along-track direction, 1.18 m in the cross-track direction and 1.52 m in the 3-dimension position, almost the same as the former mode. All the experiments indicate that a meter-level accuracy of orbit determination for geostationary satellite is achievable.     

民用飞机驾驶舱构型快速设计方法

为在方案设计阶段提高民用飞机总体方案的设计质量和形成效率,研究了民用飞机驾驶舱构型的设计措施,并在一个开放式的飞机总体设计环境中实现了这一功能.定义了飞机机身坐标系,研究了确定驾驶员设计眼位、驾驶舱布置和风挡参数化设计与模型构建的方法.建立了交互式民机驾驶舱构型二、三维快速设计环境.在此基础上,实现了驾驶舱模型的自动化调整,为总体设计阶段进行多学科设计优化奠定了基础.通过设计实例证明了该方法的有效性.     

前缘吹气控制舵面流动分离

针对各种飞行器大舵偏下出现的流动分离问题,在北航D4风洞对旨在消除舵面流动分离的舵面前缘吹气技术进行了研究,为了降低控制分离所用的吹气量,吹气点设置在舵面前缘气流分离点处.应用粒子图像测速(PIV,Particle Image Velocimetry)技术,分析了舵面绕流在吹气量由小变大过程中所经历的3个不同演化阶段;由测压得到的舵面压力分布则显示,前缘吹气造成的引射作用使前缘吸力峰随吹气量增大而增大,这是前缘吹气能够使舵面升力增大的主要机理.实验结果还表明,前缘吹气可明显提高舵面升力,同时也可以显著降低舵面阻力.     

多星联合任务规划方法

针对多星对地观测系统联合任务规划问题,考虑卫星载荷具备连续侧摆能力和多种数据压缩模式的新特点,构建了多星联合任务规划模型,在此基础上设计多星联合任务规划和数传调度算法框架,实现了卫星连续侧摆成像规划算法和基于任务优先级的数传任务调度算法,最后采用实际算例进行试验,结果表明文章提出的多星联合任务规划方法能在提高完成任务数量的同时降低卫星资源消耗,满足实际应用需求。     

Response of Hainan GPS ionospheric scintillations to the different strong magnetic storm conditions

Using the GPS ionospheric scintillation data at Hainan station (19.5°N, 109.1°E) in the eastern Asia equatorial regions and relevant ionospheric and geomagnetic data from July 2003 to June 2005, we investigate the response of L-band ionospheric scintillation activity over this region to different strong magnetic storm conditions (Dst < −100 nT) during the descending phase of the solar cycle. These strong storms and corresponding scintillations mainly took place in winter and summer seasons. When the main phase developed rapidly and reached the maximum near 20–21 LT (LT = UT + 8) after sunset, scintillations might occur in the following recovery phase. When the main phase maximum occurred shortly after midnight near 01–02 LT, following the strong scintillations in the pre-midnight main phase, scintillations might also occur in the post-midnight recovery phase. When the main phase maximum took place after 03 LT to the early morning hours no any scintillation could be observed in the latter of the night. Moreover, when the main phase maximum occurred during the daytime hours, scintillations could also hardly be observed in the following nighttime recovery phase, which might last until the end of recovery phase. Occasionally, scintillations also took place in the initial phase of the storm. During those scintillations associated with the nighttime magnetic storms, the height of F layer base (h’F) was evidently increased. However, the increase of F layer base height does not always cause the occurrence of scintillations, which indicates the complex interaction of various disturbance processes in ionosphere and thermosphere systems during the storms.     

圆柱绕流尾迹中涡的特征分析

在低雷诺数圆柱绕流中,卡门涡街中涡的形状随着其向下游的发展是不断变化的,而且它也不是理想轴对称的.针对该问题,利用有限元法进行数值模拟,研究了由涡量等值线表示的涡的形状特征.由流场中几种等值线的对比可以得到,主要是涡量等值线与压力等值线之间的差异造成了涡的形状变化.利用广义的茹柯夫斯基变换描述涡相对于轴对称的变形状态.结果表明,描述涡的主要3个参数随半径的变化规律不同,即椭圆率的抛物形分布,偏心率的线性分布和弯度的近似常量的分布.在此基础上给出了3个参数各自对应的运动学量表达式,两者对比的结果还是比较相符的.     

吹风比和曲率对旋转曲面气膜冷却效率影响

采用数值模拟方法,对旋转状态下曲率表面的气膜冷却进行研究.通过不同的曲率半径和吹风比,得到了冷却效率的分布情况,从而获得吹风比和曲率两因素对气膜冷却效率的影响规律.研究结果表明:低吹风比下,冷却效率较好;高吹风比下,气膜容易脱离壁面;凸表面的冷却效率随着曲率半径的增加而逐渐减小;而凹表面的冷却效率随着曲率半径的增加而逐渐增大;凸表面上曲率的影响作用随着旋转数的增加而逐渐弱化;而凹表面上曲率的作用随着旋转数的增大而逐渐增强.