Simulation of 3D parachute fluid–structure interaction based on nonlinear finite element method and preconditioning finite volume method

A fluid–structure interaction method combining a nonlinear finite element algorithm with a preconditioning finite volume method is proposed in this paper to simulate parachute transient dynamics. This method uses a three-dimensional membrane–cable fabric model to represent a parachute system at a highly folded configuration. The large shape change during parachute inflation is computed by the nonlinear Newton–Raphson iteration and the linear system equation is solved by the generalized minimal residual(GMRES) method. A membrane wrinkling algorithm is also utilized to evaluate the special uniaxial tension state of membrane elements on the parachute canopy. In order to avoid large time expenses during structural nonlinear iteration, the implicit Hilber–Hughes–Taylor(HHT) time integration method is employed. For the fluid dynamic simulations, the Roe and HLLC(Harten–Lax–van Leer contact) scheme has been modified and extended to compute flow problems at all speeds. The lower–upper symmetric Gauss–Seidel(LUSGS) approximate factorization is applied to accelerate the numerical convergence speed. Finally,the test model of a highly folded C-9 parachute is simulated at a prescribed speed and the results show similar characteristics compared with experimental results and previous literature.     

中国通用航空统计指标体系研究

中国通用航空在行业管理和理论研究过程中获得相关统计数据相当困难,造成这一现象的根本原因是目前没有建立专门的通用航空统计指标体系,现有的指标设置缺乏全面性和可供分析性,而且没有统一的数据统计口径.在对通用航空飞行活动进行重新划分的基础上建立了中国通用航空统计指标体系,由基础统计指标层、统计和重点分析指标层、发展评价指标层三个层级构成.     

单载波干扰对星载扩频应答机码跟踪回路影响研究

扩频码同步是基于扩频体制卫星测控通信中的一项关键技术。研究单载波对星载扩频应答机中全时间超前-滞后非相干跟踪回路的影响,分析单载波干扰存在时跟踪抖动的恶化程度,给出相应的数学表达式,并进行了Matlab仿真。仿真结果表明：在一定的跟踪回路带宽下,恶化程度随着系统的扩频增益或频偏的增加而减小,并随着干信比的增加而增加。单载波干扰不变的前提下,恶化程度随着回路带宽的增加而增加。     

翅片-管复合式减涡器温降及流阻特性数值模拟

为了探索翅片-管复合式减涡器盘腔内径向内流总压损失及温降特性的分布规律,对简单盘腔、管式减涡器、翅片-管复 合式减涡器3种模型在不同转速、不同工况下的流场结构、总压损失分布规律及温降系数进行了数值模拟。结果表明：翅片-管复 合式减涡器能明显减小盘腔内的旋流比,提高气流径向引气效果,从而提高引气品质,其温降效果和减阻性能均优于管式减涡器 和简单盘腔的。管式减涡器与简单盘腔相比,其温降效果提高约54.3%,减阻效果提高约64%;翅片-管复合式减涡器与管式减涡 器相比,其温降效果提高约3%,减阻效果提高约40%。翅片-管复合式减涡器的整体性能最优,具有较高的工程应用价值,其研究 结果对压气机二次空气系统设计具有一定的指导意义。     

等寿命曲线在直升机动部件疲劳定寿中的应用

直升机动部件的疲劳定寿中,为考虑平均载荷的影响,不可避免地需要采用简化的近似等寿命曲线对疲劳特性和飞行载荷进行修正处理。为防止因修正处理不当而造成影响定寿结论和使用安全,本文对目前国内外常采用的修正方法进行了分析,并提出了工程应用中的处理原则和措施。     

Two energy release processes for CMEs: MHD catastrophe and magnetic reconnection

It remains an open question how magnetic energy is rapidly released in the solar corona so as to create solar explosions such as solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs). Recent studies have confirmed that a system consisting of a flux rope embedded in a background field exhibits a catastrophic behavior, and the energy threshold at the catastrophic point may exceed the associated open field energy. The accumulated free energy in the corona is abruptly released when the catastrophe takes place, and it probably serves as the main means of energy release for CMEs at least in the initial phase. Such a release proceeds via an ideal MHD process in contrast with nonideal ones such as magnetic reconnection. The catastrophe results in a sudden formation of electric current sheets, which naturally provide proper sites for fast magnetic reconnection. The reconnection may be identified with a solar flare associated with the CME on one hand, and produces a further acceleration of the CME on the other. On this basis, several preliminary suggestions are made for future observational investigations, especially with the proposed Kuafa satellites, on the roles of the MHD catastrophe and magnetic reconnection in the magnetic energy release associated with CMEs and flares.     

遮挡条件下的鲁棒表情识别方法

提出了一种对面部遮挡具有鲁棒性的表情识别方法.首先,基于鲁棒主成分分析(RPCA,Robust Principal Component Analysis)对待识别人脸进行重构,并对重构人脸和待识别人脸的差值图像进行显著性检测得到面部遮挡区域;其次,将待识别人脸的遮挡区域由RPCA重构人脸的相应区域进行替换,并由权值更新的AdaBoost分类器对遮挡区域重构后的人脸进行表情识别.在BHU(Beihang University)人脸表情数据库和日本女性表情数据库上进行了各种遮挡情况下的表情识别实验,获得了比AdaBoost方法更好的识别结果,说明基于RPCA和AdaBoost的表情识别方法对多种面部遮挡具有较强的鲁棒性.     

载人航天器密封舱门的可靠性验证试验方法

论述了载人航天器密封舱门的功能、工作原理和主要故障模式,确定了舱门的可靠性特征量,基于计量型可靠性试验的基本思路,提出了舱门的可靠性试验方法,包括试验方法选择、试验件状态及试验条件的确定、试验程序、故障判据和可靠性评估方法,给出了应用示例,为载人航天器密封舱门的可靠性验证提供了技术途径。     

在轨航天器动力学参数辨识技术研究

针对在轨航天器低频密集和辨识时激励源有限且难于测量等特点,开展了适用于低频密集模态且不需激励信息的在轨航天器动力学参数辨识方法的研究,探讨了直接利用在轨响应数据在频域内辨识航天器动力学参数的技术;并根据在轨航天器低频密集特点,设计了在轨航天器动力学参数辨识仿真试验系统,对该辨识方法进行了试验验证。     

复杂背景红外成像系统作用距离估算方法

传统红外成像系统作用距离模型只有在背景单一不变的条件下有效,引入概率分布的思想对传统作用距离方程进行了改进,将方程中的作用距离和背景红外辐射亮度由变量更换为向量,向量维数由背景红外图像的灰度值分布确定.改进后的作用距离模型将应用条件拓展到任意背景,打破了传统模型对背景条件的局限.针对作用距离计算过程中复杂背景红外辐射亮度难以获取的问题,提出建立红外成像系统的亮度-灰度函数,通过背景的红外图像灰度信息计算其红外辐射亮度的方法.计算实例表明,该模型能够解决复杂背景下红外成像系统作用距离的估算问题.