The influence of dose, dose-rate and particle fragmentation on cataract induction by energetic iron ions.

Because activities in space necessarily involve chronic exposure to a heterogeneous charged particle radiation field it is important to assess the influence of dose-rate and the possible modulating role of heavy particle fragmentation on biological systems. Using the well-studied cataract model, mice were exposed to plateau 600 MeV/amu 56Fe ions either as acute or fractionated exposures at total doses of 5 - 504 cGy. Additional groups of mice received 20, 360 and 504 cGy behind 50 mm of polyethylene, which simulates body shielding. The reference radiation consisted of 60Co gamma radiation. The animals were examined by slit lamp biomicroscopy over their three year life spans. In accordance with our previous observations with heavy particles, the cataractogenic potential of the 600 MeV/amu 56Fe ions was greater than for low-LET radiation and increased with decreasing dose relative to gamma-rays. Fractionation of a given dose of 56Fe ions did not reduce the cataractogenicity of the radiation compared to the acute regimen. Fragmentation of the beam in the polyethylene did not alter the cataractotoxicity of the ions, either when administered singly or in fractions.     

动态三角翼的非定常气动特性和压力分布相关研究

文章介绍了不同后掠角三角翼在进行俯仰振荡时的动态压力特性,说明这种动态压力特性同三角翼的法向力的变化是密切相关的,试验研究揭示了流态、压力和气动力之间的密切关系。同时试验研究显示三角翼上翼面压力的动态变化曲线呈现出双峰形态;不同后掠角三角翼在动态试验过程中压力、法向力都具有相似特性。     

无线电遥测监视小直径刀具的工况过程

小直径刀具(φ6mm以下小钻头、铣刀)加工中产生的磨、破损信号难于检测。本文基于这一问题,研究采用无线电遥测技术来传输传感器信号,并建立了CIMS,FMS加工中心钻、铣用小直径刀具的工况监视系统。研究表明:用遥测技术传输的切削过程信息是可以用来识别刀具切削状态的;小直径刀具折断快速报警的成功率在90％以上。     

论近代湖南人才辈出的原因

近代以来,湖南人才辈出,形成了以曾国藩、谭嗣同、黄兴、毛泽东等为代表的前后相承的人才群体。文章从湖湘文化的影响、湖南人独特的个性特征、便利的地理条件、近代中国社会历史条件和阶级斗争状况等方面阐述湖南人才辈出的形成。     

近期商用单级入轨飞行器的可行性

讨论了单级入轨火箭推进飞行器,尤其是使用航天飞机外置贮箱和六个航天飞机主发动机的一次性使用飞行器的可靠性和发射费用。减小发动机质量将是方案改进的主要方面。如果低成本、小质量的主发动机研制成功,那么一次性使用 SSTO(单级入轨)飞行器将拥有商用发射前景,而且有利于可重复使用 SSTO 飞行器的研制。     

航天器姿态调整时的变结构控制与振动抑制方法

基于Hamilton变分原理,采用Timoshenko梁理论,对带有柔性附件的航天器建立了中心刚体—柔性梁的动力学模型。研究了调姿时带有柔性附件的航天器的动力学与控制问题,给出了问题的滑模变结构控制方法。基于Lyapunov方法证明了姿态的渐近稳定性。利用数值仿真过程讨论了卫星姿态角和姿态角速度的变化规律。最后,利用仿真结果验证了变结构控制方法的可行性和有效性。     

频率合成参数自动测试系统

主要介绍频率合成参数自动测试系统硬件组成及工作原理。通过较详细地介绍频率准确度的表征和频率稳定度的表征来说明测试程序中各参数的计算方法所依据的理论根据，并对主要仪器的诊断程序作了简要介绍。系统采用ＡＳＴ３８６／３３＋ＧＰＩＢ接口板作为系统控制器，ＧＰＩＢ接口板采用成都电子科技大学研制的作为个人计算机辅助测试（ＣＡＴ）工作站的接口板，测试程序采用ＥＳＢＡＳＩＣ语言，该语言是成都电子科技大学在ＧＷＢＡＳＩＣ的基础上，加进了ＧＰＩＢ控制和测试语句而研制的。该语言功能强，尤其对带有ＧＰＩＢ接口的仪器操作特别方便，并可在汉字操作系统下运行，各种曲线绘制程序采用图形语句功能较强的ＱＵＩＣＫＢＡＳＩＣ语言。     

防止Ⅱ型驾驶员诱发振荡技术的研究

许多严重的飞行事故都与由速率限制引起的Ⅱ型PIO有关。针对如何预防PIO，首先介绍了自适应杆增益和软件限制环节的设计原理。然后以某带速率限制的电传飞机为例，运用同一理论，分析采用自适应杆增益和软件限制环节来改善速率限制的不利影响。仿真结果表明，自适应杆增益环节和软件限制环节都能抑制住PIO的发生，但两者组合加入抑制效果更好，飞行品质也能达到满意的程度。     

Effect of Counterface Material on Friction and Wear Behavior of Ni-Cr-W-Al-Ti-MoS_2 Composites

Ni-Cr-W-Al-Ti-MoS2 self-lubricating composites were prepared through the powder metallurgy (P/M) method. Their friction properties were investigated by a pin-on-disk tribometer in the range from the room temperature to 600 ℃. Alumina, silicon nitride and nickel-iron-sulfide alloys were selected as the counterface materials. Results indicate that the lowest friction coefficients under 0.22 can be obtained at 600 ℃ when rubbed against alumina. When rubbed against nickel-iron-sulfide alloys, are presented the lowest wear rates in the magnitude of 10-6 mm3/N·m, one order of magnitude lower than those when rubbed against ceramics. In the case of three rubbing pairs, the wear rates of the composite containing MoS2 present themselves inversely proportional to friction coefficients. With alumina ceramics used as a counterface, transfer films and glaze layers will form on the contact surface playing a main role in lubrication at high temperatures. However, when silicon nitride and nickel-iron-sulfide alloy are used, the lubricating transfer films appear not to be promi-nent.     

浇注温度和细化剂对K4169高温合金微观组织的影响

研究了降低浇注温度或加入细化剂后 ,K4 16 9合金晶粒细化的微观组织、夹杂及缩松等的变化。发现同样加或不加细化剂条件下 ,浇注温度越低 ,一次枝晶主轴长度和二次枝晶臂距越小。而同一浇注温度下 ,化学法细晶试样一次枝晶主轴长度较普通试样的短 ,而二者的二次枝晶臂距无明显差别。晶粒细化后 ,晶粒形态由普通铸造组织中的树枝晶向细晶组织中的粒状晶转变 ,且合金中主要元素的偏析减轻 ,这均有利于提高细晶铸件机械性能。MC型碳化物和Laves相的尺寸、数量和形貌在晶粒细化前后变化不大。铸件中加入微量细化剂不形成夹杂 ,不改变合金相组成。此外 ,加细化剂不仅可使晶粒细化 ,同时铸件中的缩松大大减少