基于系统分类和安全评估的无人机空域集成

无人机的空域集成,即无人机进入非隔离空域飞行与有人机共享空域,是未来发展的必然趋势,这也给空中交通管理带来了新的挑战.参照美国的空域集成计划,需要建立在空域详细分类的基础上,根据无人机的综合能力逐步实现无人机从单一空域到多空域,从隔离空域到非隔离空域的动态运行.而无人机的综合能力分类可以从体系划分和安全能力两个角度出发,综合衡量;其中,无人机体系基于自主能力和监管方式两个关键因素来划分.基于这种方法,分析可以初步确定一类无人机可以飞行的空域类型,以及跨越不同空域的方式,从而实现无人机空域集成.     

月球着陆器模型参数修正

建立了着陆器的参数化模型,把着陆碰撞过程简化为弹簧阻尼模型,将其中的刚度、阻尼、非线性指数和最大穿透深度作为修正参数;定义了判断着陆器是否翻倒的着陆稳定性平面.基于地面稳定性试验结果,利用ADAMS和Isight软件联合仿真,采用优化拉丁方试验设计缩小修正参数范围.基于模型修正理论,采用自适应模拟退火算法进行模型参数修正,修正效果明显,修正后的仿真模型更符合实际试验样机.     

等离子体鞘套对C波段通信信号传输影响的试验

飞行器在稠密大气层超音速飞行时,由于其周围形成等离子体鞘套对通信信号的屏蔽或能量大幅度衰减效应,可使飞行器与地面间通信产生中断.以等离子体鞘套对通信信号透射相位改变和能量吸收为基本出发点,以高温激波管试验装置产生的、生存时间为几百微秒量级的等离子体鞘套为研究对象,利用四进制相移键控（QPSK,Quaternary Phase Shift Keying）调制、载波频率为7.5GHz的信号生成与测量系统获取有无等离子体鞘套时信号相位特征、眼图特征、图像传输等的对比试验结果,利用矢量网络分析系统E8362B获取了有无等离子体鞘套时透射能量衰减对比试验结果.试验结果不仅进一步证明了等离子体鞘套对通信信号能量大幅度衰减将不同程度影响飞行器与地面的正常通信;同时表明等离子体鞘套能够使QPSK信号相位特征产生改变,从而在信号解调解码后眼图特征产生严重畸变,通信系统误码率P_e 大大提高,最终导致接收端无法复现发送端发送的原始信息.     

GLONASS最新进展及其定位应用研究

介绍GLONASS现代化具体内容及实施过程。根据GLONASS最新状态对其可用性进行分析。研究GPS/GLONASS组合定位的关键技术之后,对GLONASS定位应用进行深入分析和试验验证。试验结果表明:GLONASS能够独立提供正常的定位服务;GPS/GLONASS组合定位可以增强导航系统的可用性,提高系统定位精度;采用精密星历可以提高GLONASS定位结果的准确度;采用9阶多项式分段式滑动插值算法可以获得较佳效果。     

Mechanistic identification of cutting force coefficients in bull-nose milling process

An improved method to determine cutting force coefficients for bull-nose cutters is proposed based on the semi-mechanistic cutting force model. Due to variations of cutting speed along the tool axis in bull-nose milling, they affect coefficients significantly and may bring remarkable discrepancies in the prediction of cutting forces. Firstly, the bull-nose cutter is regarded as a finite number of axial discs piled up along the tool axis, and the rigid cutting force model is exerted. Then through discretization along cutting edges, the cutting force related to each element is recalculated, which equals to differential force value between the current and previous elements. In addition, coefficient identification adopts the cubic polynomial fitting method with the slice elevation as its horizontal axis. By calculating relations of cutting speed and cutting depth, the influences of speed variations on cutting force can be derived. Thereby, several tests are conducted to calibrate the coefficients using the improved method, which are applied to later force predictions. Eventually, experimental evaluations are discussed to verify the effectiveness. Compared to the conventional method, the results are more accurate and show satisfactory consistency with the simulations. For further applications, the method is instructive to predict the cutting forces in bull-nose milling with lead or tilt angles and can be extended to the selection of cutting parameters.     

An experimental study of the dual-loop control of electro-hydraulic load simulator （EHLS）

This paper investigates motion coupling disturbance（the so called surplus torque）in the hardware-in-the-loop（HIL）experiments.The＇＇velocity synchronization scheme＇＇was proposed by Jiao for an electro-hydraulic load simulator（EHLS）in 2004.In some situations,however,the scheme is limited in the implementation for certain reasons,as is the case when the actuator＇s valve signal is not available or it is seriously polluted by noise.To solve these problems,a＇＇dual-loop scheme＇＇is developed for EHLS.The dual-loop scheme is a combination of a torque loop and a position synchronization loop.The role of the position synchronization loop is to decouple the motion disturbance caused by the actuator system.To verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed scheme,extensive simulations are performed using AMESim.Then,the performance of the developed method is validated by experiments.     

Evaluation of COMPASS ionospheric model in GNSS positioning

As important products of GNSS navigation message, ionospheric delay model parameters are broadcasted for single-frequency users to improve their positioning accuracy. GPS provides daily Klobuchar ionospheric model parameters based on geomagnetic reference frame, while the regional satellite navigation system of China’s COMPASS broadcasts an eight-parameter ionospheric model, COMPASS Ionospheric Model(CIM), which was generated by processing data from continuous monitoring stations, with updating the parameters every 2 h. To evaluate its performance, CIM predictions are compared to ionospheric delay measurements, along with GPS positioning accuracy comparisons. Real observed data analysis indicates that CIM provides higher correction precision in middle-latitude regions, but relatively lower correction precision for low-latitude regions where the ionosphere has much higher variability. CIM errors for some users show a common bias for in-coming COMPASS signals from different satellites, and hence ionospheric model errors are somehow translated into the receivers’ clock error estimation. In addition, the CIM from the China regional monitoring network are further evaluated for global ionospheric corrections. Results show that in the Northern Hemisphere areas including Asia, Europe and North America, the three-dimensional positioning accuracy using the CIM for ionospheric delay corrections is improved by 7.8%–35.3% when compared to GPS single-frequency positioning ionospheric delay corrections using the Klobuchar model. However, the positioning accuracy in the Southern Hemisphere is degraded due apparently to the lack of monitoring stations there.     

喷泉码在遥测应用中的误码扩散研究

喷泉码是一种近年来发展起来的适用于删除信道的纠删码技术,可用于恢复传输过程中丢失的数据。在火箭、导弹遥测信道下,不仅存在由于信号闪断而丢失数据的现象,而且存在由随机噪声引起的误码。若误码符号进入喷泉码译码器,则会引起严重的误码扩散现象。提出一种以喷泉码为外码、信道纠错码为内码的级联方案,并采用误码消除技术克服误码扩散问题,从而解决恶劣信道环境下(噪声信道+闪断信道)的数据传输问题。     

对星载滑动聚束模式合成孔径雷达的侦察研究

滑动聚束模式是合成孔径雷达的一种新兴的工作模式,具有比条带模式的方位向分辨率高、同时又比聚束模式的成像区域大的优点,因此,滑动聚束模式呈现蓬勃发展的趋势。在此基础上,根据侦察的基本原理,展开了对滑动聚束模式合成孔径雷达的侦察研究,建立了侦察模型,并进行了仿真实验。可以看出,对星载滑动聚束模式合成孔径雷达的侦察是完全可行的。     

Trajectory tracking control for underactuated stratospheric airship

Stratospheric airship is a new kind of aerospace system which has attracted worldwide developing interests for its broad application prospects. Based on the trajectory linearization control (TLC) theory, a novel trajectory tracking control method for an underactuated stratospheric airship is presented in this paper. Firstly, the TLC theory is described sketchily, and the dynamic model of the stratospheric airship is introduced with kinematics and dynamics equations. Then, the trajectory tracking control strategy is deduced in detail. The designed control system possesses a cascaded structure which consists of desired attitude calculation, position control loop and attitude control loop. Two sub-loops are designed for the position and attitude control loops, respectively, including the kinematics control loop and dynamics control loop. Stability analysis shows that the controlled closed-loop system is exponentially stable. Finally, simulation results for the stratospheric airship to track typical trajectories are illustrated to verify effectiveness of the proposed approach.