反压对隔离段激波串结构的影响

采用不同的无黏通量格式与湍流模型组合对轴对称圆截面隔离段进行了数值计算,选取与试验结果最匹配的组合研究隔离段在反压作用下的流场结构及参数特性.对不同反压下的独立隔离段模型和隔离段燃烧室模型进行了三维模拟,分析了隔离段反压比对其流场结构、出口参数及其中激波串形态的影响.针对该轴对称隔离段提出了其可承受的极限反压.比较了冷态均匀反压与燃烧诱导反压下的隔离段流场.结果表明:无黏通量格式与湍流模型的选择影响着激波串的形态和长度,对于隔离段数值模拟十分关键;隔离段出口参数受反压影响,出口处在激波串区域时,附近截面上静压分布的不均匀性较大,出口处在混合区时压力分布则相对更均匀,激波串发展程度影响隔离段出口压力均匀性;对于该圆截面隔离段及燃烧室,直接给定均匀的平面冷态反压所产生的激波串与燃烧反压下的激波串在结构形态和起始位置上未见明显差异.      

Dynamic tensile behavior of AZ31B magnesium alloy at ultra-high strain rates

The samples having {0001} parallel to extruding direction(ED) present a typical true stress–true strain curve with concave-down shape under tension at low strain rate. Ultra-rapid tensile tests were conducted at room temperature on a textured AZ31 B magnesium alloy. The dynamic tensile behavior was investigated. The results show that at ultra-high strain rates of 1.93 · 102 s 1and 1.70 · 103 s 1, the alloy behaves with a linear stress–strain response in most strain range and exhibits a brittle fracture. In this case, {10-12} 10-11 extension twinning is basic deformation mode. The brittleness is due to the macroscopic viscosity at ultra-high strain rate, for which the external critical shear stress rapidly gets high to result in a cleavage fracture before large amounts of dislocations are activated. Because {10-12} tension twinning, {10-11} compressive twinning,basal a slip, prismatic a slip and pyramidal c + a slip have different critical shear stresses(CRSS), their contributions to the degree of deformation are very differential. In addition,Schmid factor plays an important role in the activity of various deformation modes and it is the key factor for the samples with different strain rates exhibit various mechanical behavior under dynamic tensile loading.     

一种稀薄两相流动的数值模拟方法

从描述粒子运动的微观层次出发,采用双向耦合技术,建立了一种适用于稀薄条件下两相流动的DSMC数值模拟方法。对相间相互作用进行解耦处理,实现了气固两相间动量和能量相互作用的模拟。相关算例验证了方法的可靠性。结果表明:在大样本统计平均条件下,该模拟方法能够保证相间动量和能量交换时守恒,固体颗粒尺寸、气体稀薄程度等条件对相间的相互作用有很大的影响。     

Calculation of high-temperature insulation parameters and heat transfer behaviors of multilayer insulation by inverse problems method

In the present paper, a numerical model combining radiation and conduction for porous materials is developed based on the finite volume method. The model can be used to investigate high-temperature thermal insulations which are widely used in metallic thermal protection systems on reusable launch vehicles and high-temperature fuel cells. The effective thermal conductivities（ECTs） which are measured experimentally can hardly be used separately to analyze the heat transfer behaviors of conduction and radiation for high-temperature insulation. By fitting the effective thermal conductivities with experimental data, the equivalent radiation transmittance, absorptivity and reflectivity, as well as a linear function to describe the relationship between temperature and conductivity can be estimated by an inverse problems method. The deviation between the calculated and measured effective thermal conductivities is less than 4%. Using the material parameters so obtained for conduction and radiation, the heat transfer process in multilayer thermal insulation（MTI） is calculated and the deviation between the calculated and the measured transient temperatures at a certain depth in the multilayer thermal insulation is less than 6.5%.     

致密发散孔冷却环形折流甩油盘燃烧室设计研究

为了研究致密发散小孔冷却环形折流燃烧室的设计方法,根据火焰筒头部无冷却时的流场形态及期望引导的流场形态,对头部壁面发散小孔进行了两种对比性设计。为对比两种方案的优劣,对设计后的燃烧室进行了数值模拟。结果表明通过增加发散小孔,调节内外环射流孔的气量分配,可成功诱导出期望的多涡流场,且方案2的发散小孔冷却效果更佳。证明通过调整内外环发散小孔开孔数量来调节射流孔的射流穿透深度,并结合甩油盘油雾诱导理想的主燃区流场形成是可行的;采用孔倾角为钝角的发散小孔可更好地保护热负荷压力大的前几排火焰筒壁面;通过在高温区增大孔阵疏密度,把高温区处的发散小孔孔径由原先的0.68mm减小至0.3~0.55mm,可实现在不改变冷气流量的前提下,增强换热,降低壁面温度。     

复合材料用双组份树脂胶及其贮存期的试验与分析

为满足复合材料制造技术出口的要求,将一种复合材料用树脂胶由单组份状态改变为双组份状态,以达到提升其贮存期的目的。通过试验确定了该双组份树脂胶的配方及其贮存期,提高了树脂胶的使用寿命,为K8飞机出口提供了技术支持。     

复合材料自动铺带技术研究(Ⅱ)——柱面上沿"自然路径"铺带的压辊坐标生成

根据可展曲面上“自然路径”与测地线等价原理，应用沿弧长展开方法，研究了柱面上“自然路径”轨迹生成、铺带头轨迹坐标和姿态坐标计算模型与方法，讨论了简单边界的处理原则与方法，为实现柱面自动铺带CAD／CAM提供了依据。     

SiCp/Al基复合材料的切削加工研究现状

综述了SiC颗粒增强铝基复合材料的切削加工研究进展情况,重点阐述了刀具材料的主要失效形式及影响刀具磨损的因素,并展望了该领域的发展前景。     

FDTD算法中的时空匹配问题及其解决方法研究

 分析指出了目前FDTD算法中的数值收敛条件破坏了其中的实际物理关系，导致了时空不匹配问题的存在，从而造成计算过程中计算量的激增和计算效率的低下，限制了FDTD算法在飞机的RCS目标特性分析过程中的实际应用。提出了对于FDTD算法进行改进的新方法，同时保证了算法中的内在物理关系和计算的收敛性，提高了计算效率和实用性。应用改进后的FDTD算法进行了简谐波在一维多层介质中的传播仿真和全反射理想基底多层介质的传播仿真，所得计算结果与理论分析结果完全吻合。同时根据仿真结果得到了电磁波在多层介质传播中的几个规律。     

钛合金激光未穿透焊气孔形成的机理研究

针对钛合金激光焊接的气孔问题进行了研究，对不同工艺参数下钛合金自熔激光焊接试样中的气孔数量及分布进行了金相观察，并进行了酸洗试样的对比试验。研究结果表明：钛合金未穿透激光焊接过程会形成气孔，酸洗对气孔的形成没有明显影响。根据气孔的位置分布及尺寸大小，提出将钛合金激光焊接气孔分为Ⅰ型气孔和Ⅱ型气孔，并阐述了未穿透激光焊接过程中Ⅰ型气孔形成的机理。