统计过程控制研究领域及趋势概述

本文首先介绍了质量工程技术的主要内容。在此基础上，概述了统计过程控制技术的研究现状及其发展趋势。最后，讨论了与此相关的几个问题。     

Track Initiation of Occasionally Unresolved Radar Targets

In a dense detection environment track-while-scan algorithms will introduce many false tracks when processing is performed on a scan-by-scan basis. The maximum likelihood solution involving all detections on all scans is formulated and evaluated for the initiation problem consisting of false alarms, missed detections, and unresolved detections. A comparison is made between the maximum likelihood solutions including and not including the resolution likelihood and it is shown that the resolution likelihood must be included if the data contain unresolved detections. While the maximum likelihood method (with unresolved detections) does not appear to be implementable in real time without very high speed integrated circuit (VHSIC) technology, it can be used as a standard to which more implementable methods can be compared.     

Observations of the profiles of solar UV emission lines and their analysis in terms of the heating and production of the corona

Observations of the solar spectrum have been made between 1200–2200 with high spectral resolution. The results were obtained with an all-reflecting echelle spectrograph carried by a stabilized Skylark rocket launched in April 1970. Measurements of the profiles of a number of emission lines due to Siii, Cii, Siiii and Civ formed in the temperature range 10⁴-10⁵ K, indicate ion energies which are considerably in excess of the electron temperatures derived from the ionization balance. Since the ion/electron relaxation time is very short the observed ion energies cannot correspond to an ion temperature and hence a non-thermal mechanical energy component exists in the transition zone.It is postulated that the non-thermal energy component represents the actual mechanical energy responsible for the heating of the corona, and, that, it is propagated as an acoustic wave. On this basis and with a preliminary estimate of the reflection from the transition zone, a flux of 3 × 10⁵ erg cm ^-2 s ^-1 is established as entering the corona. This value is in agreement with estimates of the total energy loss from the corona due to conduction, radiation and the solar wind, thus establishing a gross energy balance.Theoretical calculations are currently underway to establish the physical nature of the atmosphere which would result from such a propagating flux. At the present time this has been carried out for an atmosphere in hydrostatic equilibrium and the energy balance equation solved. A preliminary temperature structure which results is shown in Figure 1, together with the derived distribution in electron density. This gives a corona of the right temperature and density but the observed structure deviates in detail from those derived from an analysis of the solar XUV spectrum.     

Analysis of Limit Cycles in a Two-Transistor Saturable-Core Parallel Inverter

A familiar two-transistor saturable-core parallel inverter is modeled as a nonlinear negative resistance in parallel with energy-storage elements. The techniques of singular-point analysis are combined with piecewise linear techniques to permit determination of solution trajectories on the phase plane. Clear insight is provided, not only into steady-state oscillation, but also into transient behavior of the circuit. Experimental results confirming the analytical model are included.     

Communicating bioastronautics research to students, families and the nation

The National Space Biomedical Research Institute (NSBRI) is supporting the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) education mission through a comprehensive Education and Public Outreach Program (EPOP) that communicates the excitement and significance of space biology to schools, families, and lay audiences. The EPOP is comprised of eight academic institutions: Baylor College of Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Texas A&M University, University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston, Rice University, and the University of Washington. This paper describes the programs and products created by the EPOP to promote space life science education in schools and among the general public. To date, these activities have reached thousands of teachers and students around the US and have been rated very highly.     

The origin and early evolution of membrane channels

The origin and early evolution of ion channels are considered from the point of view that the transmembrane segments of membrane proteins are structurally quite simple and do not require specific sequences to fold. We argue that the transport of solute species, especially ions, required an early evolution of efficient transport mechanisms, and that the emergence of simple ion channels was protobiologically plausible. We also argue that, despite their simple structure, such channels could possess properties that, at the first sight, appear to require markedly greater complexity. These properties can be subtly modulated by local modifications to the sequence rather than global changes in molecular architecture. In order to address the evolution and development of ion channels, we focus on identifying those protein domains that are commonly associated with ion channel proteins and are conserved throughout the three main domains of life (Eukarya, Bacteria, and Archaea). We discuss the potassium-sodium-calcium superfamily of voltage-gated ion channels, mechanosensitive channels, porins, and ABC-transporters and argue that these families of membrane channels have sufficiently universal architectures that they can readily adapt to the diverse functional demands arising during evolution.     

中部崛起与环鄱阳湖城市群的发展战略

城市群是区域经济的重要增长极。要在中部崛起中加快江西的发展,就必须构建以南昌为中心,九江、景德镇、鹰潭为次中心,涵盖22个县（市）的环鄱阳湖城市群,整合区域内经济、文化、科技和资源优势,加快区域交通、产业、商贸、产权、金融、技术、人才、信息市场一体化进程,使之成为中部地区最具竞争力的经济区。     

A concept for NASA's Mars 2016 astrobiology field laboratory

The Mars Program Plan includes an integrated and coordinated set of future candidate missions and investigations that meet fundamental science objectives of NASA and the Mars Exploration Program (MEP). At the time this paper was written, these possible future missions are planned in a manner consistent with a projected budget profile for the Mars Program in the next decade (2007-2016). As with all future missions, the funding profile depends on a number of factors that include the exact cost of each mission as well as potential changes to the overall NASA budget. In the current version of the Mars Program Plan, the Astrobiology Field Laboratory (AFL) exists as a candidate project to determine whether there were (or are) habitable zones and life, and how the development of these zones may be related to the overall evolution of the planet. The AFL concept is a surface exploration mission equipped with a major in situ laboratory capable of making significant advancements toward the Mars Program's life-related scientific goals and the overarching Vision for Space Exploration. We have developed several concepts for the AFL that fit within known budget and engineering constraints projected for the 2016 and 2018 Mars mission launch opportunities. The AFL mission architecture proposed here assumes maximum heritage from the 2009 Mars Science Laboratory (MSL). Candidate payload elements for this concept were identified from a set of recommendations put forth by the Astrobiology Field Laboratory Science Steering Group (AFL SSG) in 2004, for the express purpose of identifying overall rover mass and power requirements for such a mission. The conceptual payload includes a Precision Sample Handling and Processing System that would replace and augment the functionality and capabilities provided by the Sample Acquisition Sample Processing and Handling system that is currently part of the 2009 MSL platform.     

机翼涂敷吸波材料减缩雷达散射截面的研究

推导出了光滑凸体金属表面涂敷吸波材料时的后向雷达散射截面 ( RCS)公式。对一系列涂敷吸波材料的金属平板进行了 RCS测试和理论计算。为提高计算精度,给出计算 RCS的工程修正方法。在此基础上,对机翼前后缘局部涂敷吸波材料。研究结果表明,机翼前后缘涂敷吸波材料可以有效地控制 RCS     

Re对γ′相粗化行为的影响

研究了三种不同Re含量 (wt % )的新型单晶高温合金 (DD6 0Re合金 ,DD6 1Re合金 ,DD6 2Re合金 )在 110 0℃下的γ′粗化动力学。结果表明 ,Re可以有效地阻碍γ′相的粗化 ,提高γ′相的粗化激活能 ,从而可以Re改善单晶高温合金的高温力学性能