An analytical model for the prediction of a micro-dosimeter response function

A rapid analytical procedure for the prediction of a micro-dosimeter response function in low Earth orbit (LEO), correlated with the Space Transportation System (STS, shuttle) Tissue Equivalent Proportional Counter (TEPC) measurements is presented. The analytical model takes into consideration the energy loss straggling and chord length distribution of the detector, and is capable of predicting energy deposition fluctuations in a cylindrical micro-volume of arbitrary aspect ratio (height/diameter) by incoming ions through both direct and indirect (δ ray) events. At any designated (ray traced) target point within the vehicle, the model accepts the differential flux spectrum of Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCRs) and/or trapped protons at LEO as input. On a desktop PC, the response function of TEPC for each ion in the GCR/trapped field is computed at the average rate of 30 s/ion. The ionizing radiation environment at LEO is represented by O’Neill’s GCR model (2004), covering charged particles in the 1 ? Z ? 28 range. O’Neill’s free space GCR model is coupled with the Langley Research Center (LaRC) angular dependent geomagnetic cutoff model to compute the transmission coefficient in LEO. The trapped proton environment is represented by a LaRC developed time dependent procedure which couples the AP8MIN/AP8MAX, Deep River Neutron Monitor (DRNM) and F10.7 solar radio frequency measurements. The albedo neutron environment is represented by the extrapolation of the Atmospheric Ionizing Radiation (AIR) measurements. The charged particle transport calculations correlated with STS 51 and 114 flights are accomplished by using the most recent version (2005) of the LaRC deterministic High charge (Z) and Energy TRaNsport (HZETRN) code. We present the correlations between the TEPC model predictions (response function) and TEPC measured differential/integral spectra in the lineal energy (y) domain for both GCR and trapped protons, with the conclusion that the model correctly accounts for the increase in flux at low y values where energetic ions are the primary contributor. We further discuss that, even with the incorporation of angular dependency in the cutoffs, comparison of the GCR differential/integral flux between STS 51 and 114 TEPC measured data and current calculations indicates that there still exists an underestimation by the simulations at low to mid range y values. This underestimation is partly related the exclusion of the secondary pion particle production from the current version of HZETRN.     

A space radiation transport method development.

Improved spacecraft shield design requires early entry of radiation constraints into the design process to maximize performance and minimize costs. As a result, we have been investigating high-speed computational procedures to allow shield analysis from the preliminary design concepts to the final design. In particular, we will discuss the progress towards a full three-dimensional and computationally efficient deterministic code for which the current HZETRN evaluates the lowest-order asymptotic term. HZETRN is the first deterministic solution to the Boltzmann equation allowing field mapping within the International Space Station (ISS) in tens of minutes using standard finite element method (FEM) geometry common to engineering design practice enabling development of integrated multidisciplinary design optimization methods. A single ray trace in ISS FEM geometry requires 14 ms and severely limits application of Monte Carlo methods to such engineering models. A potential means of improving the Monte Carlo efficiency in coupling to spacecraft geometry is given in terms of re-configurable computing and could be utilized in the final design as verification of the deterministic method optimized design.     

Optimal radar threshold determination in Weibull clutter andGaussian noise

A technique is presented for determining the ideal detection threshold when Gaussian noise and Weibull distributed clutter returns are present on a radar receiver and neither is dominant. Quantitative data is presented for several clutter types and false alarm probabilities     

Galactic cosmic ray radiation levels in spacecraft on interplanetary missions.

Using the Langley Research Center galactic cosmic ray (GCR) transport computer code (HZETRN) and the computerized anatomical man (CAM) model, crew radiation levels inside manned spacecraft on interplanetary missions are estimated. These radiation-level estimates include particle fluxes, LET (linear energy transfer) spectra, absorbed dose, and dose equivalent within various organs of interest in GCR protection studies. Changes in these radiation levels resulting from the use of various different types of shield materials are presented.     

化学气相沉积/渗透技术综述

综述了化学气相沉积技术的最新发展，包括金属有机化合物化学气相沉积，等离子辅助化学气相沉积，激光化学气相沉积；同时介绍了三种用于制备工程材料的快速致密化化学气相渗透技术，包括强迫流动热梯度化学气相渗透，化学液相沉积，感应加热热梯度快速致密化技术。     

Galactic cosmic ray transport methods: past, present, and future.

The development of the theory of high charge and energy (HZE) ion transport is reviewed. The basic solution behavior and approximation techniques will be described. An overview of the HZE transport codes currently available at the Langley Research Center will be given. The near term goal of the Langley program is to produce a complete set of one-dimensional transport codes. The ultimate goal is to produce a set of complete three-dimensional codes which have been validated in the laboratory and can be applied in the engineering design environment. Recent progress toward completing these goals is discussed.     

基于容差分配的直升机多约束运动系统的应用与研究

本文以某民用直升机动力舱多约束运动系统的容差分配设计为例,阐述和分析了多约束运动系统容差基准的选取、分配以及设计补偿等。可以为多约束运动系统设计提供方法和参考。     

重型燃气轮机燃烧过程的反应动力学数值模拟

为了阐明重型燃气轮机燃烧过程的反应动力学特性,采用Gri_3.0,NUI_Galway与USC_2.0动力学模型对甲烷燃料在定容燃烧反应器中的燃烧特性进行了数值计算,并与实验结果进行了对比分析,确定了甲烷燃料的反应动力学模型;耦合该反应动力学模型与CFD计算软件,对燃用甲烷燃料的重型燃气轮机燃烧室单个火焰筒的燃烧过程进行了反应动力学分析,并与相应实验结果进行了对比分析。结果表明:与NUI_Galway及USC_2.0动力学模型相比,采用Gri_3.0动力学模型计算得到的甲烷燃料多工况下的燃烧特性与实验值吻合较好;在该重型燃气轮机燃烧室单个火焰筒中,在火焰筒头部与主燃区同时存在两个明显的呈对称状态的回流区;在该火焰筒中的高温区域,O,OH与H等活性组分以及CO2的摩尔分数达到最大,而在低温区域CO的摩尔分数达到最大;同时,与实验值相比,采用Gri_3.0动力学模型计算得到的单个火焰筒的出口平均温度略高约4K,热点温度高约197K。     

结构参数对带凸肩风扇静力学特性的影响分析

为研究结构参数变化对叶片稳态流场载荷的影响规律,通过数值求解方法开展不同转-静轴向间距和周向栅距工况下带凸肩风扇叶片的稳态流场计算。利用自行开发的插值程序将稳态载荷施加于叶片,分析叶片受力规律。基于稳态气动载荷和离心载荷,分析各工况下叶片的静力学特征。结果表明:随着上游静子与转子叶片轴向间距的减小,叶片受力和力矩增大。轴向间距减小3mm,周向力和力矩分别增大1.51%和1.48%;随着栅距的减小,叶片受力和力矩减小。转子叶片数增加两片,周向力和力矩分别减小6.26%和6.35%。     

TA15 钛合金棒材缺陷分析

某TA15钛合金棒料加工产品,在进行低倍检查时发现存在亮斑缺陷,对其亮斑区显微组织进行观察,确定了其异常区域;再用扫描电镜进一步分析确定该棒材异常区为富钛贫铝的化学成分偏析;显微硬度测试结果显示该棒材的偏析组织为非脆性偏析。实验结果表明,按照上述方法可以有效判定TA15合金成分偏析及其类型;对性能满足标准要求的非脆性偏析,按标准切除偏析后可交货。