民用航空发动机航线维修专家系统设计分析

为了缩短民用航空发动机航线维修的时间,提高航线维修效率,降低航班延误率,针对民用航空发动机航线维修工作的特点,提出了基于故障特征利用模糊技术建立专家系统的模糊知识库,并结合智能检索技术建立民用航空发动机航线维修专家系统的方法,该方法能够提高专家系统解决问题的准确性和时效性。重点阐述了专家系统模糊知识库构建和智能检索技术的逻辑思路。相比于以关键故障特征为知识点建立的数据库,模糊知识库包含了更全面的故障特征知识。智能检索基于概念或语义检索,相比于关键词检索,对自然语言有更好地理解,便于航线维修工作人员使用。     

带颗粒型金属橡胶夹层阻尼结构的振动响应研究

针对冲压发动机中高温板壳结构的振动抑制需求,提出新型颗粒金属橡胶夹层阻尼结构,基于模态应变能法建立了其动力学理论模型和数值求解方法。与试验结果对比表明,共振幅值的相对误差不大于20%。进一步采用理论分析与试验相结合的手段,论述了颗粒型金属橡胶夹层阻尼的有效性,可有效降低振动响应3~8倍;随着填充密度的增加,减振效果增加;对于一弯和二弯振动,下部填充减振效果最好,而在下部填充,振动响应会被放大;依据数值计算获得的应变能分布结果,进行夹层设计可达到良好的减振效果。     

高焓激波风洞喷管流场非平衡特性研究

高焓激波风洞是开展高超声速流动研究的重要地面模拟设备,但其产生的高焓气流在喷管中的膨胀过程是一种典型的热化学非平衡流动,试验段特征参数通过直接实验测量难以完全确定。本文通过求解耦合双温度模型的轴对称Navier-Stokes方程,研究了高焓激波风洞中典型状态下气流的热化学非平衡流动特性,分析了焓值对非平衡特性的影响规律。结果表明,喷管出口自由流均匀区域达到出口截面直径的75%以上,能够为实验提供足够的空间;喷管出口自由流处于热化学非平衡状态,在喷管喉道后约1/5喷管长度处气流即已处于冻结流状态,组分浓度和振动温度随气流流动基本不变;焓值在8.4MJ/kg~19.5MJ/kg之间变化时,非平衡程度随着焓值的增加而增强,但是低焓值时非平衡程度的增强更加剧烈。     

An equivalent ground thermal test method for single-phase fluid loop space radiator

Thermal vacuum test is widely used for the ground validation of spacecraft thermal control system. However, the conduction and convection can be simulated in normal ground pressure environment completely. By the employment of pumped fluid loops’ thermal control technology on spacecraft, conduction and convection become the main heat transfer behavior between radiator and inside cabin. As long as the heat transfer behavior between radiator and outer space can be equivalently simulated in normal pressure, the thermal vacuum test can be substituted by the normal ground pressure thermal test. In this paper, an equivalent normal pressure thermal test method for the spacecraft single-phase fluid loop radiator is proposed. The heat radiation between radiator and outer space has been equivalently simulated by combination of a group of refrigerators and thermal electrical cooler(TEC) array. By adjusting the heat rejection of each device, the relationship between heat flux and surface temperature of the radiator can be maintained. To verify this method,a validating system has been built up and the experiments have been carried out. The results indicate that the proposed equivalent ground thermal test method can simulate the heat rejection performance of radiator correctly and the temperature error between in-orbit theory value and experiment result of the radiator is less than 0.5 C, except for the equipment startup period. This provides a potential method for the thermal test of space systems especially for extra-large spacecraft which employs single-phase fluid loop radiator as thermal control approach.     

基于功能危险性评估的民用飞机驾驶舱门设计探讨

FAA分别于2002年和2008年颁布25-106及25-127修正案,增加驾驶舱门安保事项以提高驾驶舱的安全水平。修正案要求加固驾驶舱门,驾驶舱门必须设计成可以阻止未被授权人员进入驾驶舱并且阻碍危险物体射入以保证机组人员的安全。驾驶舱门必须能检测驾驶舱失压并可以释放门或者卸压板平衡压力差,还应有措施使飞机机组成员在该舱门卡住的情况下能直接从驾驶舱进入客舱。因此,在驾驶舱门上设有一个可以快速释放的紧急出口。根据飞机驾驶舱门结构及功能的主要特点,对驾驶舱门功能故障进行探讨,同时对功能故障引发的危险性等级进行划分,以确定安全指标,进而辅助驾驶舱门设计工作。     

机翼顶起设计解析

飞机全机顶起是飞机维护时必不可少的操作程序,其中机翼顶起是全机顶起的一个重要组成部分。机翼顶起设计包括两个方面内容,即顶垫设计和机翼千斤顶选型。顶垫设计与顶起点结构设计、机翼千斤顶选型是联合设计、相互影响的。     

Multi-objective optimization of aircraft design for emission and cost reductions

Pollutant gases emitted from the civil jet are doing more and more harm to the environ- ment with the rapid development of the global commercial aviation transport. Low environmental impact has become a new requirement for aircraft design. In this paper, estimation method for emis- sion in aircraft conceptual design stage is improved based on the International Civil Aviation Orga- nization （ICAO） aircraft engine emissions databank and the polynomial curve fitting methods. The greenhouse gas emission （CO2 equivalent） per seat per kilometer is proposed to measure the emis- sions. An approximate sensitive analysis and a multi-objective optimization of aircraft design for tradeoff between greenhouse effect and direct operating cost （DOC） are performed with five geom- etry variables of wing configuration and two flight operational parameters. The results indicate that reducing the cruise altitude and Mach number may result in a decrease of the greenhouse effect but an increase of DOC. And the two flight operational parameters have more effects on the emissions than the wing configuration. The Pareto-optimal front shows that a decrease of 29.8% in DOC is attained at the expense of an increase of 10.8% in greenhouse gases.     

Dynamic analysis of C/C composite finger seal

A seal device as an important component of aeroengines has decisive influence on per- formance, reliability, and working life of aeroengines. With the development of aeroengines, demands on the performance characteristics of seal devices are made strictly. Finger seal as a novel kind of sealing device, recently attracts more and more attentions in academic circles and engineer- ing fields at home and abroad. Research on finger seals has been extensively developed, especially on leakage and wear performances under dynamic conditions. However, it is a pity that the work on finger seals has been limited with a single approach that is improving the performance by structural optimization; in addition, the technology of dynamic analysis on finger seals is weak. Aiming at the problems mentioned above, a distributed mass equivalent dynamic model of finger seals considering the coupling effect of overlaid laminates is established in the present paper, the dynamic perfor- mance of 2.5 dimension C/C composite finger seal is analyzed with the model, and then the effects of fiber bundle density and fiber bundle preparation direction on finger seal＇s dynamic performance are discussed, as well as compared with those of Co-based alloy finger seal. The current work is about dynamic analysis of finger seals and application of C/C composite in this paper may have much academic significance and many engineering values for improving research level of finger seal dynamics and exploring feasibility of C/C composite being used for finger seals.     

飞机客舱烟气扩散数值仿真

通过建立五排客舱的几何模型及客舱烟气流动的数值仿真模型,采用RNG k-ε湍流模型对客舱内的湍流流动进行描述。基于Fluent对火灾阴燃阶段客舱内烟气浓度场和温度场进行三维数值模拟分析,预测了烟气浓度随时间变化规律。结合适航规章分析烟气中CO、CO2浓度对客舱空气品质及乘客健康安全的影响,给出火灾紧急措施建议,同时也为大型运输类飞机烟雾的适航审定符合性验证方法的研究提供基础。     

不同深宽比陷窝诱导涡结构分析

陷窝所诱导的旋涡强化动量或热的交换,使得陷窝在分离流动控制和强化对流传热研究中很受关注。深宽比是影响陷窝诱导涡结构的重要参数,开展了深宽比对陷窝诱导涡结构影响的研究。研究发现,深宽比为0.06时,涡结构为马蹄涡;深宽比为0.1至0.14时,涡结构为闭式分离泡;深宽比为0.16至0.20时,涡结构为对称类龙卷风涡;深宽比为0.22至0.30时,涡结构为非对称类龙卷风涡。通过涡核涡强度对比发现,过深的陷窝和过浅的陷窝其内涡强度均比中等深度陷窝弱。