Evaluation and improvement of coastal GNSS reflectometry sea level variations from existing GNSS stations in Taiwan

Global sea level rise due to an increasingly warmer climate has begun to induce hazards, adversely affecting the lives and properties of people residing in low-lying coastal regions and islands. Therefore, it is important to monitor and understand variations in coastal sea level covering offshore regions. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) data of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) have been successfully used to robustly derive sea level heights (SLHs). In Taiwan, there are a number of continuously operating GNSS stations, not originally installed for sea level monitoring. They were established in harbors or near coastal regions for monitoring land motion. This study utilizes existing SNR data from three GNSS stations (Kaohsiung, Suao, and TaiCOAST) in Taiwan to compute SLHs with two methods, namely, Lomb–Scargle Periodogram (LSP)-only, and LSP aided with tidal harmonic analysis developed in this study. The results of both methods are compared with co-located or nearby tide gauge records. Due to the poor quality of SNR data, the worst accuracy of SLHs derived from traditional LSP-only method exceeds 1?m at the TaiCOAST station. With our procedure, the standard deviations (STDs) of difference between GNSS-derived SLHs and tide gauge records in Kaohsiung and Suao stations decreased to 10?cm and the results show excellent agreement with tide gauge derived relative sea level records, with STD of differences of 7?cm and correlation coefficient of 0.96. In addition, the absolute GNSS-R sea level trend in Kaohsiung during 2006–2011 agrees well with that derived from satellite altimetry. We conclude that the coastal GNSS stations in Taiwan have the potential of monitoring absolute coastal sea level change accurately when our proposed methodology is used.     

Ionospheric F2-Layer critical frequency retrieved from COSMIC radio occultation: A statistical comparison with measurements from a meridional ionosonde chain over Southeast Asia

In this paper, we compared the F2-Layer critical frequency (foF2) derived from FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC radio occultation (RO) and ionosondes at Chiang Mai, Chumphon and Kototabang during the years 2008–2015 to evaluate the performance of COSMIC RO over Southeast Asia region. The results show that the time development of foF2 values derived from COSMIC RO generally agrees well with those from ionosonde measurements. However, the differences between the foF2 derived from COSMIC RO and that derived from ionosonde observations display latitudinal dependence. COSMIC RO tends to underestimate foF2 at Chiang Mai and Kototabang, which is near to the north EIA crest and the south one, respectively, while a little overestimate foF2 at Chumphon, which is close to the geomagnetic equator. COSMIC RO agrees best with ionosonde at Chumphon and worst at Chiang Mai. At each ionosonde station, the quality of COSMIC RO data degrades with the increase of solar activity. In addition, at the station Chiang Mai and Kototabang, COSMIC RO performs better in summer than in equinox and winter. Furthermore, the differences in foF2 derived from COSMIC RO and that from ionosonde measurements vary with local time, i.e., the differences in foF2 are generally smaller at night and larger in noontime when equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) is well developed.     

Grinding temperature and energy ratio coefficient in MQL grinding of high-temperature nickel-base alloy by using different vegetable oils as base oil

Vegetable oil can be used as a base oil in minimal quantity of lubrication(MQL). This study compared the performances of MQL grinding by using castor oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, corn oil, sunflower oil, peanut oil, and palm oil as base oils. A K-P36 numerical-control precision surface grinder was used to perform plain grinding on a workpiece material with a high-temperature nickel base alloy. A YDM–III 99 three-dimensional dynamometer was used to measure grinding force,and a clip-type thermocouple was used to determine grinding temperature. The grinding force, grinding temperature, and energy ratio coefficient of MQL grinding were compared among the seven vegetable oil types. Results revealed that(1) castor oil-based MQL grinding yields the lowest grinding force but exhibits the highest grinding temperature and energy ratio coefficient;(2) palm oil-based MQL grinding generates the second lowest grinding force but shows the lowest grinding temperature and energy ratio coefficient;(3) MQL grinding based on the five other vegetable oils produces similar grinding forces, grinding temperatures, and energy ratio coefficients, with values ranging between those of castor oil and palm oil;(4) viscosity significantly influences grinding force and grinding temperature to a greater extent than fatty acid varieties and contents in vegetable oils;(5) although more viscous vegetable oil exhibits greater lubrication and significantly lower grinding force than less viscous vegetable oil, high viscosity reduces the heat exchange capability of vegetable oil and thus yields a high grinding temperature;(6) saturated fatty acid is a more efficient lubricant than unsaturated fatty acid; and(7) a short carbon chain transfers heat more effectively than a long carbon chain. Palm oil is the optimum base oil of MQL grinding, and this base oil yields 26.98 N tangential grinding force,87.10 N normal grinding force, 119.6 °C grinding temperature, and 42.7% energy ratio coefficient.     

基于改进WKNN的位置指纹室内定位算法

位置指纹算法是目前解决室内定位问题的主要方法,指纹特征和匹配算法为影响算法精度的两大因素.针对室内复杂环境下Wi-Fi信号强度波动较大的现象,提出了基于方差的加权距离以改进WKNN算法.在离线特征提取阶段,选择了均值和方差两个特征值,既反映该采样点的RSS幅值,也反映该点RSS的波动情况;在线阶段,根据方差提出了加权距离进行相似度的计算,查找距离最近的K近邻点,并以实际环境下采集的数据验证了改进WKNN算法在RSS波动大的情况下对定位效果的改善,在综合考虑了AP组合的影响后,实现了误差均值为1.456m的定位效果.     

三翼面飞机前翼和平尾机动载荷优化配置

对三翼面飞机两种典型机动状态下的飞行载荷进行了分析,提出了一种适合三翼面飞机机动载荷优化配置的方法。讨论平尾升降舵与前翼操纵面之间的协调偏转率变化以及飞行动压变化,对配平参数、铰链力矩和载荷分布的影响。指出协调偏转率变化会引起平尾升降舵和前翼操纵面的配平角度、铰链力矩以及平尾和前翼载荷分布的显著改变,在设计时应该对协调偏转率加以选择,从而对平尾和前翼的载荷进行综合优化配置。     

基于试验气动力的弹性飞机舵面效率分析

基于非线性试验气动力和线性理论气动力对某飞机进行了气动导数和飞行载荷计算,分析了舵面操纵效率受气动力类型、飞行动压和迎角的影响,重点研究了舵面操纵效率、舵面操纵反效与翼面弹性载荷、弹性压差分布以及弹性气动压心之间的关系。研究表明：使用非线性试验气动力和线性理论气动力所分析得到的舵面效率具有较大的差别;受到结构弹性变形的影响,随着飞行动压的增加,舵面的操纵效率不断下降,副翼甚至会出现操纵反效现象;在使用非线性试验气动力进行分析时,飞行迎角对于舵面操纵效率具有较大的影响,这是在使用线性理论气动力进行分析时所不能考虑的。     

机翼电加热防冰表面内外传热的耦合计算

分析了机翼防冰表面的传热传质现象,对电加热防冰表面内外传热耦合计算进行了研究.采用附面层积分法对机翼表面传热系数进行计算.根据传热传质比拟得到了防冰表面蒸发量.建立表面微元的能量与质量守恒差分方程组,利用高斯-赛德尔迭代法求解,将外部防冰载荷、蒙皮弦向导热和内部加热热流三者耦合,采用亚松弛系数稳定迭代过程,最后得到平衡表面温度、溢流水和溢流结冰的范围.计算结果和文献中试验以及其他数值仿真结果比较,吻合较好,表明了模型及计算方法的正确性.      

阻尼硅橡胶加速疲劳研究

以阻尼硅橡胶为研究对象,依据Miner破坏积累准则得出的5次幂橡胶疲劳定律,研究阻尼硅橡胶加速疲劳特性.试验结果表明:具有一定阻尼性能的硅橡胶材料不符合5次幂橡胶疲劳定律,并建议在工程上不采用加速试验方法评价阻尼硅橡胶制品的疲劳寿命.     

航天器电子产品绝缘材料特性测试及应用

航天器电子产品中使用绝缘材料对于提高产品质量、缩小产品体积、降低产品成本、提高产品的可靠性和安全性都起着显著的作用.本文是对航天器中电子产品绝缘材料特性、绝缘材料性能测试以及绝缘材料应用等进行总结,目的是对机箱内薄弱环节进行绝缘处理,提高航天器电子产品的可靠性.     

C919大型客机国内市场销售策略初探

论述了中国商飞新型单通道干线飞机C919如何体现新型飞机的优势,并结合航空公司商务战略,在了解市场、满足市场、服务市场的基础上,对大飞机市场销售方法进行研究,为实现初步面向国内市场再逐步走向国际市场的目标进行探索。