Introduction to the Payloads and the Initial Observation Results of Chang＇E-1

Chang'E-1,the orbiter circling the moon 200km above the moon surface,is the first Chinese Lunar exploration satellite.The satellite was successfully launched on 24th October 2007.There are 8 kinds of scientific payloads onboard,including the stereo camera,the laser altimeter,the Sagnac-based interferometer image spectrometer,the Gamma ray spectrometer,the X-ray spectrom-eter,the microwave radiometer,the high energy particle detector,the solar wind plasma detector and a supporting payload data management system.Chang'E-1 opened her eyes to look at the moon and took the first batch of lunar pictures after her stereo camera was switched on in 20th November 2007.Henceforth all the instruments are successfully switched on one by one.After a period of parameter adjustment and initial check out,all scientific instruments are now in their normal operating phase.In this paper,the payloads and the initial observation results are introduced.     

基于北斗三号的长基线共视时间比对

卫星导航共视时间比对一直是远距离时间比对的重要方法之一。使用我国最新发射的北斗三号全球导航卫星,基于中科院国家授时中心(NTSC)和捷克光电研究院(TP)各自的时间产生和保持系统,开展了中捷北斗三号长基线共视时间比对试验。本文对中捷两站各自的北斗卫星可视数及其卫星高度角情况进行了统计分析,利用Vondark滤波对时间比对结果进行了降噪处理,最后将北斗三号共视时间比对结果与北斗二号及GPS共视时间比对结果进行了比较。结果表明:北斗三号在当前全球组网阶段中捷共视可视卫星数比北斗二号还少的情况下,其共视时间比对精度达到1. 16ns,较北斗二号提升约19%,与GPS更为接近。     

在片校准标准件基底边界条件影响

通过分析国内外校准标准件物理边界条件,研究不同校准基底的物理边界条件对共面波导(CPW)传输线特性和校准准确度的影响。研制了W波段砷化镓衬底的多线TRL在片校准标准件,将在片校准标准件分别放置在金属卡盘、玻璃片、吸波材料三种校准基底上。用三种不同校准基底的校准标准件对试验装置校准后,分别提取了CPW传输线的衰减常数、相对介电常数和特征阻抗,并对商用校准标准件104-783A的短路标准和传输线标准进行了测试,验证了结果的合理性。     

基于有限Fourier级数的航天器转移轨迹设计

针对航天器小推力转移轨迹的初始设计问题,利用基于三阶Fourier级数的设计方法实现了航天器小推力的多圈转移。同时,基于有限Fourier级数的形状法,对具有多个约束条件的小推力多圈转移轨迹进行了优化设计。选取了共面同轴同偏心率的初始和末端轨道位置,对所提出的方法进行了仿真验证。结果表明：与改进逆五阶多项式形状法相比,所提出的方法虽然增加了转移时间,但当转移圈数为5圈、有限Fourier级数的项数为10时,可减少将近75%的转移速度增量,同时大大减小了所需的最大推力加速度的值。     

基于单目视觉原理的空间位置测量技术研究

为了提升空间位置测量的自动化程度,采用单目视觉原理建立空间成像方程,将三维的空间坐标转换为两维的图像坐标,由此实现单目视觉的空间位置测量。本文推导了单目视觉定位的基本成像方程,对建立的定位装置,进行了实际定位实验,实现了预期的测量结果。基于视觉原理的空间位置测量技术,具有良好的推广应用价值。     

基于小波变换和核独立分量分析的遥感图像变化检测

为了进一步提高基于独立分量分析(IndependentComponentAnalysis,ICA)的遥感图像变化检测精确度,并解决ICA分离的图像分量排序不确定问题,提出了基于小波变换和核独立分量分析(KernelIndependentComponentAnalysis,KICA)的遥感图像变化检测方法。首先通过小波变换对遥感图像进行分解,得到由图像的高频分量和低频分量组成的分块向量,然后利用核函数将分块向量映射到高维特征空间中,再在该空间中用ICA方法分离出互相独立的向量,最后根据分离出的向量中高频分量的差异自动分辨出变化分量。文章给出了遥感图像变化检测方法及近年提出的基于主分量分析(PrincipalComponentAnalysis,PCA)、基于ICA、基于KICA三种变化检测方法的试验结果,并进行了分析和定量比较。试验结果表明,文中方法能更好地分离出遥感图像的变化信息,具有更高的精确度,并实现了变化检测的智能化。     

Application of Contact Graph Routing in Satellite Delay Tolerant Networks

Satellite networks have many inherent advantages over terrestrial networks and have become an important part of the global network infrastructure. Routing aimed at satellite networks has become a hot and challenging research topic. Satellite networks, which are special kind of Delay Tolerant Networks (DTN), can also adopt the routing solutions of DTN. Among the many routing proposals, Contact Graph Routing (CGR) is an excellent candidate, since it is designed particularly for use in highly deterministic space networks. The applicability of CGR in satellite networks is evaluated by utilizing the space oriented DTN gateway model based on OPNET(Optimized Network Engineering Tool). Link failures are solved with neighbor discovery mechanism and route recomputation. Earth observation scenario is used in the simulations to investigate CGR’s performance. The results show that the CGR performances are better in terms of effectively utilizing satellite networks resources to calculate continuous route path and alternative route can be successfully calculated under link failures by utilizing fault tolerance scheme.     

基于大涡模拟的平流层浮空器气动特性分析

为研究不同球体间距对“球形囊体型”平流层浮空器(SLV)气动特性的影响,采用有限体格式、结构网格和大涡模拟(LES)计算方法求解不可压缩的Navier-Stokes(N-S)方程,对超临界雷诺数“球形囊体型”平流层浮空器绕流进行数值模拟,并对不同球体间距下的数值计算结果进行详细的分析比较.通过对比试验数据,单球体数值模拟的阻力系数时均值与Achenbach的试验数据一致,验证了计算方法分析超临界雷诺数球体绕流问题的准确性.研究不同间距的双球体阻力变化规律以及振动频谱特性,随上下游球体间距G的增加,合阻力先增大后减小,上游球体的阻力占优振动频率逐渐减小;G=1.5D(D为球体直径)和G=2D时,上下游球体有相同的占优振动频率.随间距G的增加,两球体相互作用与上游球体对下游球体的尾涡结构影响逐渐减弱.      

Electrostatic Structure of the Electron Phase-space Holes Generated by the Electron Two-stream Instability with a Finite Width

Space satellite observations in an electron phase-space hole (electron hole) have shown that bipolar structures are discovered at the parallel cut of parallel electric field, while unipolar structures spring from the parallel cut of perpendicular electric field. Particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations have demonstrated that the electron bi-stream instability induces several electron holes during its nonlinear evolution. However, how the unipolar structure of the parallel cut of the perpendicular electric field formed in these electron holes is still an unsolved problem, especially in a strongly magnetized plasma (Ω_e > ω_pe, where Ω_e is defined as electron gyrofrequency and ω_pe is defined as plasma frequency, respectively). In this paper, with two-dimensional (2D) electrostatic PIC simulations, the evolution of the electron two-stream instability with a finite width in strongly magnetized plasma is investigated. Initially, those conditions lead to monochromatic electrostatic waves, and these waves coalesce with each other during their nonlinear evolution. At last, a solitary electrostatic structure is formed. In such an electron hole, a bipolar structure is formed in the parallel cut of parallel electric field, while a unipolar structure presents in the parallel cut of perpendicular electric field.

     

基于标定场的激光雷达两步标定方法

针对激光雷达大测量范围高精度测角测距问题,提出一种基于标定场的激光雷达两步标定方法.该方法在分析激光雷达测角误差和测距误差的基础上,提出激光雷达误差修正模型.该模型将距离修正从标定模型中分离,首先利用靶标场完成全视场的角度标定,并确定其外部参数,再利用基线场实现距离标定.以降低距离标定参数与角度标定参数之间的耦合性,保证激光雷达角度和距离标定的精度和准确度.实验结果表明方法合理有效,能够实现激光雷达的高精度标定.