飞行员头盔夜视镜系统气流吹袭性能研究

开展飞行员头盔夜视镜系统的高速气流吹袭试验,研究其气动特性和作用在人体颈椎上的力,评价其对弹射救生安全性的影响,为头盔夜视镜系统的设计和使用提供依据。采用高速气流吹袭台（敞开式风洞）吹袭的试验方法,将弹射座椅固定在吹袭台喷口前的台架上,试验假人（HYBRID Ⅱ型假人）端正地放置在弹射座椅上,试验假人穿抗荷服,佩戴头盔、夜视镜、供氧面罩。以850 km/h的吹袭速度作为试验的起点,按照试验设计确定的原则依次调整吹袭速度。夜视镜分下位（工作）和上位（非工作）2个状态进行试验,用高速摄像机记录头盔夜视镜在吹袭时的佩戴状态,测量试验假人颈椎下端的力和力矩。高速摄像机、力和力矩测量系统用高速气流吹袭台设定的时间基准同步测量。共进行了10发试验,其中5发试验夜视镜从头盔上吹脱,5发未吹脱;获得了各次试验中假人颈椎的受力曲线及夜视镜吹脱的时刻和轨迹。按照试验合格判据,吹袭速度均未超过850 km/h。头盔加装夜视镜后,相比头盔不加装夜视镜,气流吹袭性能下降,吹袭速度800 km/h以上颈椎力矩超标,700 km/h为临界点,600 km/h合格。建议将头盔夜视镜系统的气流吹袭性能包线限制在600 km/h以内。      

可靠性设计优化的球空间设计法

可靠性设计优化（RBDO）在航空航天等领域已经被广泛应用,具有显著提高可靠性的效果;然而它包含两个迭代循环-总体优化循环和可靠性分析循环,双循环求解方法效率低下甚至难以承受。本文提出一种可以提高可靠性设计优化求解效率的方法-球空间设计法,该方法可以方便地表达搜索区域,最大可能失效点可以从极值点处精确获取;同时,该方法可以将总体优化以及可靠性分析同步进行。本文所提出的球空间法的有效性将通过2个算例进行测试,测试结果表明该方法不仅精度与同类方法持平,求解效率有明显提升,它将会对提高航空航天装备如卫星、火箭、飞行器等产品的可靠性提供更为有效的方法和技术支持。     

基于室内无线模型的穿墙损耗校正

K-M（Keenan-Motley）模型将单墙固定损耗值相加来计算室内无线信号穿透多墙的总损耗值,存在较大误差。针对该问题选取多种室内场景分别进行连续波（Continuous Wave,CW）测试,对无线信号穿墙损耗的影响因素和变化规律进行分析,提出了一种基于人工神经网络的室内无线模型穿墙损耗校正方法,对预处理后的测试数据进行训练并建立预测模型。经验证该预测模型符合校正判别准则,在实际场景下具有良好的预测准确度。     

基于电阻法的工艺液位传感器测量系统及其校准装置的研制

介绍了一种基于电阻法的工艺液位传感器测量系统的设计与实现,该传感器测量系统包括利用液位传感器、点式液位传感器、耗尽关机液位传感器与剩余液位传感器及对应的变送器。设计了相应的半自动校准系统对传感器的精度进行标定,分析了测量结果的不确定度。经过测试,所有传感器各项指标均满足设计要求。该传感器的研制解决了现有容积计量及液压试验系统不能对贮箱各不同部位进行容积和高度监测的问题。     

A two-step weighted least-squares method for joint estimation of source and sensor locations: A general framework

It is well known that the Two-step Weighted Least-Squares(TWLS) is a widely used method for source localization and sensor position refinement. For this reason, we propose a unified framework of the TWLS method for joint estimation of multiple disjoint sources and sensor locations in this paper. Unlike some existing works, the presented method is based on more general measurement model, and therefore it can be applied to many different localization scenarios.Besides, it does not have the initialization and local convergence problem. The closed-form expression for the covariance matrix of the proposed TWLS estimator is also derived by exploiting the first-order perturbation analysis. Moreover, the estimation accuracy of the TWLS method is shown analytically to achieve the Cramér-Rao Bound(CRB) before the threshold effect takes place. The theoretical analysis is also performed in a common mathematical framework, rather than aiming at some specific signal metrics. Finally, two numerical experiments are performed to support the theoretical development in this paper.     

Effects of yaw-roll coupling ratio on lateral-directional aerodynamic characteristics

Experimental investigation of large amplitude yaw-roll coupled oscillations was conducted in a low-speed wind tunnel using an aircraft configuration model. A special test rig was designed and constructed to provide different coupled motions from low to high angles of attack.A parameter ‘‘coupling ratio" was introduced to indicate the extent of yaw-roll coupling. At each pitch angle, seven coupling ratios were designed to study the yaw-roll coupling effects on the lateraldirectional aerodynamic characteristics systematically. At high angles of attack, the damping characteristics of yawing and rolling moments drastically varied with coupling ratios. In the coupled motions with the rotation taking place about the wind axis, the lateral-directional aerodynamic moments exhibited unsteady characteristics and were different from the ‘‘quasi-steady" results of the rotary balance tests. The calculated results of the traditional aerodynamic derivative method were also compared with the experimental data. At low and very high angles of attack, the aerodynamic derivative method was applicative. However, within a wide range of angles of attack, the calculated results of aerodynamic derivative method were inconsistent with the experimental data, due to the drastic changes of damping characteristics of lateral-directional aerodynamic moments with yaw-roll coupling ratios.     

表面处理对聚酰亚胺柔性复合材料粘结性能的影响

使用聚酰亚胺(PI)膜和PI纤维编织布制备深空探测用柔性织物复合材料,研究表面处理对PI膜和PI纤维编织布之间粘结性能的影响。采用自制表面处理剂分别对PI膜和PI纤维编织布的表面进行处理,再经硅橡胶胶黏剂粘结制备柔性复合材料。使用T剥离强度试验方法测试柔性织物复合材料的层间胶接性能,并分析复合材料剥离面的形貌状态。结果显示,PI膜和PI织物的表面处理可以显著提高柔性织物复合材料的T剥离强度。其中,PI膜和PI织物未经表面处理时,柔性织物复合材料的T剥离强度为8.9 N/cm。对PI膜进行表面处理,或者对PI膜和PI织物均进行表面处理的情况下,柔性织物复合材料的T剥离强度增加至11.7 N/cm和12.8 N/cm,分别提高了31.5%和43.8%。这表明对PI膜及PI织物进行合理的表面处理,可以显著提高柔性织物复合材料的胶接性能。     

卫星控制系统测试数据自动判读系统设计

针对卫星控制系统测试数据类型多和数据量大的特点,人工判读方式存在判读时间长和判读精度不够高等不足,分析了卫星控制系统测试数据的变化规律,建立了测试数据的判读规则,在此基础上完成自动判读方法设计和自动判读系统设计,该系统能够按照设置的判读规则进行自动判读,对判读结果进行实时显示和存储,提高了测试效率和判读的准确性.     

简化DDF算法及其在单星对星无源定轨跟踪中的应用

单星对星无源定轨跟踪是典型的非线性滤波问题,其中非线性滤波算法至关重要.DDF.算法具有良好的精度与稳定性且适用范同更广,不过计算量较大.单星对星无源定轨中系统噪声通常是加性高斯的,根据这一特点对标准DDF算法进行简化.简化后加性噪声可以进行单独处理,基于此,提出一种计算复杂度更低的SD-DF算法,并运用于仅测角条件下的单星对星无源定轨跟踪.SDDF算法具有比EKF更高的精度和更好的稳定性,其性能与标准DDF相同但是计算耗时更少,特别适合于单星对星无源定轨跟踪实时处理.