钝体燃烧器后能量逆转和紊流参数的数学模拟

本文用非定常数值法研究了钝体燃烧器后的紊流参数分布和能量逆转,并对Boussinesq的雷诺应力模式和双方程k-ε紊流模型提出了改进方案。这样不仅计算出了能量逆转区,而且紊流参数分布也与实验相符。     

多约束实数权的直接数据域算法在空时自适应处理中的应用

传统的空时自适应处理算法通过权矢量幅度和相位的改变来实现,本文研究了空时自适应处理中一种改进的直接数据域(Directdata domain,DDD)算法。该方法仅通过权矢量幅度的改变,对一次样本数据进行处理,有效地抑制杂波和干扰,实现对目标信号的正确估计。采用实数权减小了运算量,降低系统的复杂程度。当目标信号的方向与天线波束指向有偏差时,采用多约束的方法,保证系统在目标信号方向的增益。仿真结果表明该方法的有效性。     

载人飞船返回舱的烧蚀防热

载人飞船返回舱的烧蚀热防护技术研究和试验表明，碳化烧蚀材料是再入飞行器最有效的热防护层。对典型的碳化烧蚀体的热性能的预测分析模型和计算方法作了阐述。数值计算结果分别与电弧风洞试验和阿波罗的飞行验证试验作了比较，结果符合得很好。     

用电离层特性参量提取等效风场信息

导出了利用中低纬电离层特性参量获取电离层F层峰区高度上等效风场（包含电场和风场信息在内）的基本方程，并尝试用该方法从电离层特性参量（峰高和临频）提取等效风场信息，利用武汉站DGS-256电离层数字测高仪数据及由美国Massachusetts Lowell大学最新版的剖面反演程序换算得到F层峰高，获得了武汉地区夏季至日点附近，冬季至日点附近，冬季地磁特别宁静的九天和冬季平均等效风场的初步特征，并利用Fejer经验电场模式计算冬季电场引起的垂直漂移，估计电场和风场对武汉地区的垂直等效风场的贡献大小，结果表明：等效风场呈现出白天与夜晚幅度和方向的差异。至日点附近冬季与夏季白天的幅度差异以及明显的凌晨凹陷现象；平均情况下，垂直等效风场幅度和方向的变化主要是由中性风引起，受电场的影响不大。     

Dayside reconnection during IMF northward: A possible foreshock effect

The northward and southward orientation of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) is usually considered as providing the external boundary conditions in the solar wind interaction with the Earth's magnetopause but it is the magnetic field in the magnetosheath that interacts with the Earth's magnetic field. In this paper, we consider the possibility that the wave activity in the foreshock region may affect the magnetic field orientation in the magnetosheath with time scales that might be geomagnetically effective. If magnetosheath magnetic field becomes disturbed on plasma streamlines which are connected to the quasi-parallel bow shock and foreshock, the magnetic field orientation on the inner magnetosheath may differ significantly from the undisturbed IMF. We present a model of dayside reconnection which may occur when the IMF northward and illustrate its effects on the erosion of the magnetopause.     

应用分力合成方法提高系统性能指标的研究

提出了将柔性结构的分力合成主动振动抑制方法和反馈控制律结合使用来提高柔性结构控制系统性能指标的方法。应用该方法仅需要知道闭环系统及柔性振动的频率及阻尼，而且可以同时抑制任意多个振动模态（包括控制器引起的振动，柔性振动及其他形式的振动），分力合成方法对频率及阻尼的不确定性具有较强的鲁棒性，使该方法易于工程实现，文章针对单柔性杆，将分力合成主动振动抑制方法和反馈控制相结合，设计了不同形式的大角度机动控制律，数值仿真和试验结果充分验证了方法的有效性。     

推力矢量和二元喷管

推力矢量是第四代战斗机获得过失速机动性的必要条件,而二元喷管又是推力矢量控制中性能较为优越的一类喷管。本文较全面地阐述了目前世界上推力矢量和二元喷管的发展和现况、二元喷管的构造和性能、二元喷管对改进飞机升阻特性和机动的作用。推力矢量能显著提高飞机在空战中的作战效率以及推力矢量控制所需的效能也在文中作了介绍。     

同无黑子耀斑相协的微波爆发机制的探讨

1980—1984年期间,我们在云南天文台9375MHz,3653MHz和2902 HHz三个波段的射电观测资料中,查到11组微波爆发与无黑子耀斑相伴随。本文研究了这些爆发与耀斑的大气层高度,射电爆发类型以及通过落进峰值流量-时间图的位置,确认出爆发机制是活动区中作麦克斯韦分布电子的热轫致辐射。     

High temporal resolution global PWV dataset of 2005–2016 by using a neural network approach to determine the mean temperature of the atmosphere

Atmospheric water vapour plays an important role in phenomena related to the global hydrologic cycle and climate change. However, the rapid temporal–spatial variation in global tropospheric water vapour has not been well investigated due to a lack of long-term, high-temporal-resolution precipitable water vapour (PWV). Accordingly, this study generates an hourly PWV dataset for 272 ground-based International Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Service (IGS) stations over the period of 2005–2016 using the zenith troposphere delay (ZTD) derived from global-scale GNSS observation. The root mean square (RMS) of the hourly ZTD obtained from the IGS tropospheric product is approximately 4 mm. A fifth-generation reanalysis dataset of the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF ERA5) is used to obtain hourly surface temperature (T) and pressure (P), which are first validated with GNSS synoptic station data and radiosonde data, respectively. Then, T and P are used to calculate the water vapour-weighted atmospheric mean temperature (Tm) and zenith hydrostatic delay (ZHD), respectively. T and P at the GNSS stations are obtained via an interpolation in the horizontal and vertical directions using the grid-based ERA5 reanalysis dataset. Here, Tm is calculated using a neural network model, whereas ZHD is obtained using an empirical Saastamoinen model. The RMS values of T and P at the collocated 693 radiosonde stations are 1.6 K and 3.1 hPa, respectively. Therefore, the theoretical error of PWV caused by the errors in ZTD, T and P is on the order of approximately 2.1 mm. A practical comparison experiment is performed using 97 collocated radiosonde stations and 23 GNSS stations equipped with meteorological sensors. The RMS and bias of the hourly PWV dataset are 2.87/?0.16 and 2.45/0.55 mm, respectively, when compared with radiosonde and GNSS stations equipped with meteorological sensors. Additionally, preliminary analysis of the hourly PWV dataset during the EI Niño event of 2014–2016 further indicates the capability of monitoring the daily changes in atmospheric water vapour. This finding is interesting and significant for further climate research.     

Particle swarm optimization applied to hypersonic reentry trajectories

This paper presents the novel use of the particle swarm optimization(PSO)to generate the end-to-end trajectory for hypersonic reentry vehicles in a quite simple formulation.The velocitydependent bank angle profile is developed to reduce the search space of unknown parameters based on the constrained PSO algorithm.The path constraints are enforced by setting the fitness function to be infinite on condition that the particles violate the maximum allowable values.The PSO algorithm also provides a much easier means to satisfy the terminal conditions by adding penalty terms to the fitness function.Furthermore,the approximate reentry landing footprint is fast constructed by incorporating an interpolation model into the standardized bank angle profiles.Numerical simulations demonstrate that the PSO method is a feasible and flexible tool to generate the end-to-end trajectory and landing footprint for hypersonic reentry vehicles.