付利叶变换光谱学在推进剂使用寿命预估中的应用

一种改进的红外技术—付利叶变换红外光谱,用于分析贮存了101个月的固体推进剂。在离推进剂外表面不同深度的地方截取试样进行分析,结果发现试样中粘合剂没有化学析出,试样的光谱图表明了粘合剂中主要聚合物成份的不同的化学变化,这些变化表征了从同一位置的推进剂上测得的应力和应变的直接相关性。这项工作的目的在于从发动机中取不足半克的推进剂,通过非破坏试验来预估发动机的持续使用寿命。     

凯夫拉—环氧树脂压力容器在室温和高温下的静态疲劳寿命

本文讨论了50台把凯夫拉-环氧树脂作为壳体基体材料的纤维压力容器的实验情况。1978年以来,在室温条件下对15台球形容器进行了连续加压实验,壳体均没有破坏。另外也叙述了目前正在进行的175℉和200℉下其它壳体试验的一些情况。实验温度高于200℉的20台容器已进行了爆破试验,通过把容器加压到室温下实际平均爆破压力的一半,然后持续置于250℉的环境中,测得球形容器使用寿命为19—31小时,圆筒容器为48—160小时。虽然目前尚不清楚静态疲劳寿命随容器的形状而明显不同的原因,然而本文对所观察到的这种特性提出了一项假设。     

MX导弹喷管用先进材料评论 Ⅲ 第二级喷管的先进材料

这是评论MX导弹喷管先进材料的连载第三篇文章。根据空军系统司令部的空间导弹系统组织的F07401—73—C—04223合同,航空喷气固体推进公司进行了本文所述的工作。计划包括喷管设计的选择和要求满足MX ADP(Advanced DeveloPment Program)目的的有关技术。本文概述了材料筛选试验、阐述选择材料的原则、所选择材料的性能、缩比尺寸喷管点火试验的结果和用于全尺寸试验的石墨喷管部件的说明等。     

An astrophysical view of Earth-based metabolic biosignature gases

Microbial life on Earth uses a wide range of chemical and energetic resources from diverse habitats. An outcome of this microbial diversity is an extensive and varied list of metabolic byproducts. We review key points of Earth-based microbial metabolism that are useful to the astrophysical search for biosignature gases on exoplanets, including a list of primary and secondary metabolism gas byproducts. Beyond the canonical, unique-to-life biosignature gases on Earth (O(2), O(3), and N(2)O), the list of metabolic byproducts includes gases that might be associated with biosignature gases in appropriate exoplanetary environments. This review aims to serve as a starting point for future astrophysical biosignature gas research.     

A combinatorial approach to biochemical space: description and application to the redox distribution of metabolism

Redox chemistry is central to life on Earth. It is well known that life uses redox chemistry to capture energy from environmental chemical energy gradients. Here, we propose that a second use of redox chemistry, related to building biomass from environmental carbon, is equally important to life. We apply a method based on chemical structure to evaluate the redox range of different groups of terrestrial biochemicals, and find that they are consistently of intermediate redox range. We hypothesize the common intermediate range is related to the chemical space required for the selection of a consistent set of metabolites. We apply a computational method to show that the redox range of the chemical space shows the same restricted redox range as the biochemicals that are selected from that space. By contrast, the carbon from which life is composed is available in the environment only as fully oxidized or reduced species. We therefore argue that redox chemistry is essential to life for assembling biochemicals for biomass building. This biomass-building reason for life to require redox chemistry is in addition (and in contrast) to life's use of redox chemistry to capture energy. Life's use of redox chemistry for biomass capture will generate chemical by-products-that is, biosignature gases-that are not in redox equilibrium with life's environment. These potential biosignature gases may differ from energy-capture redox biosignatures.     

双基火箭推进剂的物理老化

在-40℃～+60℃温度范围内研究了老化对三种双基推进剂力学性能的影响。在60℃左右,主要是化学现象改变了硝化棉的性质。在-40～+20℃主要是类似于无定形聚合物的物理老化观象。把推进剂简单加热到60℃,物理老化的影响就大部分消除。从60℃骤冷,18小时内,双基推进剂在20℃的硬度等温地增加约30％。推进剂老化速率会因机械加载显著地增加。双基推进剂物理老化现象的深入研究可能导出一种使推进剂力学性能复原的方法。     

新世纪技术验证计划的小卫星通信

NASA下一世纪科学探索方式将基于廉价频繁的卫星发射,这些卫星将是轻型、低成本、高度自主的小卫星。通过“新世纪计划”(NMP),NASA准备创建一种新的高度综合的方法,对实现这些卫星目标的一系列技术进行开发和空间验证。要满足这些想象的任务要求,并突出降低寿命期成本的目标,对卫星设计、制造和操作各方面将提出挑战。本文集中讨论先进通信系统的体系结构和技术,这些都是NMP已明确的关键性能需求,也是空间验证计划当前选定的内容。这些系统主要分三大类:小型深空通信,极高码速率近地通信和短程通信。其应用包括:空—地链路,行星间飞行器及其着陆器和漫游年之间数据中继的航天器间链路,以及通过星间交叉链路和数据中继卫星的近地卫星通信。本文将从用途和关键性能参数(如质量、体积、效率和成本)来讨论射频(400MHz-32GHz)和光通信技术。