Application of the mechanical oscillator technique to the investigation of EVA decompression

The ultrasonic bubble detection technique has been used as a versatile tool in the investigation of hypobaric decompression procedures for the last two decades. However, this method can only detect relatively large bubbles > 30-50 micrometers (usually in venous blood) and not the very first stages of bubble formation. Recently, the mechanical oscillator technique has been applied in air diving trials in order to detect small blood density changes due to hypothetical fluid shifts. However, sharp density drops were found in the decompression process, and these have been attributed to gas bubble formation. In this study, this method was applied together with Doppler controls to a series of altitude decompressions to 300 and 500 hPa, which represents the range of EVA operational pressures currently used or planned. Six subjects participated in both series; the oscillator sample tube could be pressurized. By the application of pressure on a blood sample containing questionable gas bubbles, these are reduced in volume, like in recompression therapy, and thus the density of the sample is increased. This effect has been shown in all 6 subjects undergoing decompression to 300 hPa, whereas in the 500 hPa series only 3 out of 6 subjects corresponded with gas phase formation immediately after decompression. Typically, Doppler bubbles appeared only after some latency time between 20 and 60 min; after this time, the density effect had nearly vanished. It is concluded that the mechanical oscillator technique represents a complementary research instrument to the Doppler method, because it is able to deliver a quantitative resolution of the early stage of gas phase formation.     

光纤陀螺温度建模及补偿技术研究

研究了干涉式光纤陀螺的温度补偿问题。首先分析了光纤陀螺仪温度漂移的主要影响因素，并应用人工神经网络与数理统计方法建立了陀螺仪的温度补偿模型。最后对某型号陀螺进行了0～50℃环境温度下的大量恒温及变温实验，通过实验数据完善所建模型并完成了对该陀螺的温度补偿。实验结果表明：在特定温度环境下，该方法能够有效地改善光纤陀螺仪零偏稳定性。     

CASH 2021: commercial access and space habitation

Issues about commercialization of space have been a growing concern in the past decade for the space community. This paper focuses on the work from a team of 51 students attending the Summer Session Program of the International Space University in Bremen, Germany. CASH 2021 (Commercial Access and Space Habitation) documents a plan that identifies commercial opportunities for space utilization that will extend human presence in space, and will chart the way forward for the next 20 years. The group selected four commercial sectors that show the most promise for the future: tourism, entertainment, space system service, assembly and debris removal, and research and development/production. The content of this document presents the results of their research. Historical activities in each of the commercial sectors are reviewed along with the current market situation. To provide a coherent background for future commercialization possibilities a scenario has been developed. This scenario includes a postulated upon ideal future and includes social, political and economic factors that may affect the space industry over the timeline of the study. The study also presents a roadmap, within the limited optimistic scenario developed, for the successful commercialization of space leading to future human presence in space. A broad range of commercially viable opportunities, not only within the current limits of the International Space Station, but also among the many new developments that are expected by 2021 are discussed.     

数据处理软件与机载数据采集软件的连接

由于飞行测试数据采集和遥测系统引用了能提供动态控制能力的微型计算机,所以软件正日益成为机载数据系统的一个不可缺少的组成部分。通常,软件的重要性总是被机载系统的许多用户所低估,甚至迄今,他们还在担心能否把PCM数据循环图编程到电可编程序只读存储器(EPROM)并将它们插入机载硬件中去。由于较新的可编程序系统使用带有电可擦可编程序只读存储器(E~2PROM)和随机存储器(RAM)的微型计算机来提供实时工程单位(EU)显示和控制能力,因而机载软件就成为整个系统计划的一个中心环节。在这些数据采集系统中,实时数据显示和控制所提出的程序设计要求,使地面站的数据处理软件和飞机上的数据采集软件之间要有软件结构控制和一种软件(固件)连接变得非常重要。本文介绍飞行测试过程中新出现的这类问题的一种解决办法。     

钛合金氧化铝复合材料的制备

采用自蔓高温合成（ＳＨＳ）工艺制备了钛合金氧化铝复合粉体，并经热压烧结制成钛合金氧化铝复合材料，测定了该复合材料的主要性能，就有关问题作了分析和探讨。     

TiAlN 涂层钻头钻削钛合金的实验研究

采用Ti Al N涂层硬质合金麻花钻对钛合金(TC4)进行钻削试验,研究了切削用量对轴向力、加工孔壁表面粗糙度和切屑形态的影响。结果表明:轴向力随着进给量的增加而增加,轴向力随着转速的增加而减小。运用指数公式模型对轴向力实验结果进行回归分析,得到轴向力与转速以及进给量之间的关系式,并对该方程进行了检验验证误差均小于7%;随着进给量的增加断屑能力逐渐增加,切屑长度逐渐变短。在低转速和进给量为50 mm/min时切屑形态为短螺旋形切屑,此时排屑和孔壁粗糙度均为最佳。     

洞穴里的文明传奇

洞穴是地球人类探险活动最晚涉及的地方。即便在今天,我们对于自己脚下四通八达的洞穴也是知之甚少,只有为数不多的探险者才有勇气和机会深入其中,一睹这些埋藏在地下的奇境。原来,地下蕴藏着许许多多不为人知的奥秘……阴森恐怖的地下洞穴在马耳他首都瓦莱塔南部约10千米处是一片宽阔的高地,高地上有一个小村庄——凯瑟鲍拉村。1902年,一些挖井工人在村里的哈尔萨福里尼街挖井时,竟然一下子消失到土壤里去了。搜寻时人们发现,原来他们跌进了洞     

美陆军重新修订“科曼奇”计划

最近,美国陆军和波音/西科斯基公司正在加速进行在“科曼奇”直升机上安装“长弓”雷达攻击系统的研究工作,旨在在首批生产型RAH-66直升机上安装这种系统.这项计划的重点是,要求在2O06年当首批“科曼奇”生产型直升机投入使用时,能装上这种“长弓”雷达系统.按照原先陆军的     

遥远的冥王星

冥王星的特征和环境如何?冥王星距离太阳大约为43亿千米。在地球上,利用强大的望远镜观察,冥王星看起来就像一个模糊的盘子。冥王星呈褐色,表面温度很低。冥王星表面分布着一些亮点,它们可能是极地冰冠,另外还有一些暗点分布在冥王星的表面上。天文学家认为冥王星被稀薄大气包围着,类似于海卫一的环境,周围的稀薄大气可能是氮气。     

AS900将在明年取得适航合格证

美国霍尼韦尔公司为支线和公务机研制的ＡＳ９００发动机现已进入飞行试验阶段。今年ＡＳ９００将累计完成５０００小时加速任务试验，预计该发动机将在明年３月取得适航合格证，并于第三季度投入使用。