多股射流横向喷入有约束管流过程的模拟

用基于控制体的有限差分方法对一排射流横向喷入管流的流场进行了数值分析，以建立流场温度分布和上游流动条件及几何参数的关系，可变的参数包括：喷嘴直径，喷嘴数，圆柱管半径，射流与主流的体积流量比，温度比和动压比，结果发现，动压比，喷嘴个数和喷嘴间距是三个重要变量，通过对模拟结果的函数拟合，发现射流喷射深度与动压比除以喷嘴数的平方之间的关系可用一个对数函数很好地描述，给出了适用最佳混合的喷射深度和喷嘴间距，提出了可用于结构实设计的程序。     

复合材料的最佳设计

各种复合材料现已得到较为广泛的应用,特别是在宇航、国防和汽车方面得到广泛的应用。不过.每一种复合材料都是一种掺合材料,它具有独特的取决于定向的特性。因此,不使用分析软件工具要预测材料的使用性能是很难的。遗憾的是,使复合材料具有独特的综合性能的同时也使它难以用传统程序进行分析。传统程序是为了分析具有较为一致性能的材料而设计的。     

Simulation by personal workstation for man-machine interface design

This paper presents a simulation tool which has been developed for Man-Machine interface (MMI) design study, in the context of the European EVA Space Suit System development, under contract of ESA/ESTEC. The main new point is that this simulation is based on a personal workstation, and not on a heavy real-time computer, as in most simulation centres. It will be used in ESTEC to perform low cost simulations of the front part of a manned system, to improve and develop MMI with efficiency.     

测定粘结断裂能的嵌接试验法

这个工作的目的是要研究一种试验方法,用来测定推进剂——衬层间的断裂能量。根据试样的形态分析和系统筛选,选择嵌接法作为这一测定的最佳方法。随后的分析又给出了可不计热应力和基本上不考虑泊桑比变化的最佳试样尺寸。我们研究了模拟各种发动机加载状态的试验方法。用超声波纵断面测量法(Acoustic Profilography)这种超声方法来测定裂纹的扩展。为了考虑有限变形和非线性粘弹性,采用 Schapery 发展的 J 积分法来计算断裂能。     

How rare is complex life in the Milky Way?

An integrated Earth system model was applied to calculate the number of habitable Earth-analog planets that are likely to have developed primitive (unicellular) and complex (multicellular) life in extrasolar planetary systems. The model is based on the global carbon cycle mediated by life and driven by increasing stellar luminosity and plate tectonics. We assumed that the hypothetical primitive and complex life forms differed in their temperature limits and CO(2) tolerances. Though complex life would be more vulnerable to environmental stress, its presence would amplify weathering processes on a terrestrial planet. The model allowed us to calculate the average number of Earth-analog planets that may harbor such life by using the formation rate of Earth-like planets in the Milky Way as well as the size of a habitable zone that could support primitive and complex life forms. The number of planets predicted to bear complex life was found to be approximately 2 orders of magnitude lower than the number predicted for primitive life forms. Our model predicted a maximum abundance of such planets around 1.8 Ga ago and allowed us to calculate the average distance between potentially habitable planets in the Milky Way. If the model predictions are accurate, the future missions DARWIN (up to a probability of 65%) and TPF (up to 20%) are likely to detect at least one planet with a biosphere composed of complex life.     

布鲁诺图诺尼航空展

布鲁诺（Brno)位于捷克南部邻近奥地利的位置,距离维也纳不到150公里,这是一个典型东欧城市,市内古迹众多、风景优美,在旅游旺季经常可以看到大批西方游客驻足街头,今年夏天的布鲁诺尤其热闹,美国空军的雷鸟(Thunderblrds)特技小组在欧洲巡回表演活动中造访了这个小城市,为今年的布鲁诺图谔尼航空展(Brno—Turany Airshow)大幅增加了观赏性。     

电磁轴承支承的柔性转子在轴承失效后坠落过程中的瞬态响应

研究了主动电磁轴承支承的单盘柔性转子系统在磁轴承失效后转子坠落在带有固定间隙的滚动型备用轴承上的瞬态响应,分析了备用轴承的各种参数对瞬态响应的影响。结果发现系统出现了以自由落体-碰撞弹起-自由落体为特征的在间隙圆底部的摆动运动、以碰撞弹起-加速落体-碰撞弹起为特征的在整个间隙圆范围的碰撞型回转运动以及轴颈与备用轴承始终接触在一起的摩擦型回转运动等3种运动形式。碰撞型回转运动实际上是由碰撞过程中部分周向的摩碰引起,而摩擦型回转运动是由轴颈与备用轴承之间的全周干摩擦所致。碰撞型回转运动和反向摩擦型回转运动对备用轴承的影响最为严重。     

钣金件数字化制造技术及其应用

基于数字化技术发展精密成形是世界各国在钣金成形技术发展趋势方面一致的认识。本课题首先描述了钣金零件制造技术的发展需求和数字化制造技术基础,分析了钣金数字化制造技术的核心,最后介绍了典型应用实例。     

基于均值漂移算法的冷空炽热体红外目标跟踪

Mean Shift（均值漂移）算法对彩色序列图像目标跟踪是有效的,而对红外目标跟踪是不稳健的。本文对Mean Shift算法做适当改进,将其用于冷空炽热体红外目标跟踪。先对红外图像做伽马变换,把目标从背景中分离出来;用直方图非均匀量化改进传统Mean Shift算法量化方式,提高目标定位准确性。仿真结果表明,该方法对冷空炽热体红外目标跟踪是有效的和稳健的。     

Genesis and preservation of a uranium-rich paleozoic epithermal system with a surface expression (Northern Flinders Ranges, South Australia): radiogenic heat driving regional hydrothermal circulation over geological timescales

The surface expressions of hydrothermal systems are prime targets for astrobiological exploration, and fossil systems on Earth provide an analogue to guide this endeavor. The Paleozoic Mt. Gee-Mt. Painter system (MGPS) in the Northern Flinders Ranges of South Australia is exceptionally well preserved and displays both a subsurface quartz sinter (boiling horizon) and remnants of aerial sinter pools that lie in near-original position. The energy source for the MGPS is not related to volcanism but to radiogenic heat produced by U-Th-K-rich host rocks. This radiogenic heat source drove hydrothermal circulation over a long period of time (hundreds of millions of years, from Permian to present), with peaks in hydrothermal activity during periods of uplift and high water supply. This process is reflected by ongoing hot spring activity along a nearby fault. The exceptional preservation of the MGPS resulted from the lack of proximal volcanism, coupled with tectonics driven by an oscillating far-field stress that resulted in episodic basement uplift. Hydrothermal activity caused the remobilization of U and rare earth elements (REE) in host rocks into (sub)economic concentrations. Radiogenic-heat-driven systems are attractive analogues for environments that can sustain life over geological times; the MGPS preserves evidence of episodic fluid flow for the past ～300 million years. During periods of reduced hydrothermal activity (e.g., limited water supply, quiet tectonics), radiolytic H(2) production has the potential to support an ecosystem indefinitely. Remote exploration for deposits similar to those at the MGPS systems can be achieved by combining hyperspectral and gamma-ray spectroscopy.