航天指控中心的发展

本文介绍航天飞机的航天指控中心的功能和历史,阐述了通信和数据处理设施,重点则在显示系统的变迁。作为航天指控中心改造的一部分,将用新技术成果取代现有的显示系统。这种更新改造将构成一套高性能局网(LAN),向各工程工作站发送实时和历史数据,在工作站上处理和显示。这种结构的好处是:软件开发环境更灵活,更加模块化,因而有利于今后的改造更新。探讨了建议的新结构以及这一改造的工程和计划管理问题,重点在各局网的任务。     

与固体发动机性能予测有关的氧化铝粒子的尺寸

本文提出了一种予测三氧化铝粒子尺寸的新方法,用在空军的改进固体性能程序(SPP)中,将粒子在火箭喷管中生成和破裂的各种理论模型和已有的粒子尺寸的数据作了比较。发现没有一个理论模型对建立粒子尺寸与推进剂组分和发动机参数的关系是合适的。因此,采用线性和非线性最小二乘法的经验方法。试图建立各种参数、分类以及各种理论模型提出的函数形式之间的关系。最后把只有三个自由参数的比较简单的模型推荐用于 SPP。     

Establishment of a rearing system of the extremotolerant tardigrade Ramazzottius varieornatus: a new model animal for astrobiology

Studies on the ability of multicellular organisms to tolerate specific environmental extremes are relatively rare compared to those of unicellular microorganisms in extreme environments. Tardigrades are extremotolerant animals that can enter an ametabolic dry state called anhydrobiosis and have high tolerance to a variety of extreme environmental conditions, particularly while in anhydrobiosis. Although tardigrades have been expected to be a potential model animal for astrobiological studies due to their excellent anhydrobiotic and extremotolerant abilities, few studies of tolerance with cultured tardigrades have been reported, possibly due to the absence of a model species that can be easily maintained under rearing conditions. We report the successful rearing of the herbivorous tardigrade, Ramazzottius varieornatus, by supplying the green alga Chlorella vulgaris as food. The life span was 35 +/- 16.4 d, deposited eggs required 5.7 +/- 1.1 d to hatch, and animals began to deposit eggs 9 d after hatching. The reared individuals of this species had an anhydrobiotic capacity throughout their life cycle in egg, juvenile, and adult stages. Furthermore, the reared adults in an anhydrobiotic state were tolerant of temperatures of 90 degrees C and -196 degrees C, and exposure to 99.8% acetonitrile or irradiation with 4000 Gy (4)He ions. Based on their life history traits and tolerance to extreme stresses, R. varieornatus may be a suitable model for astrobiological studies of multicellular organisms.     

用内压降压试验和埋入式传感器测定固体推进剂的有效模量

赫克力斯(Hercules)公司研制了一种无损试验方法,用埋入式应力传感器系统测定全尺寸老化试验发动机的推进剂模量。该方案包括两项实验计划,一项为标定试样试验;另一项为全尺寸发动机试验。第一项计划用来确定传感器响应和推进剂模量间的关系。其方法是将三种型号的赫克力斯传感器预埋在已知拉伸模量值的推进剂中制成标定试样,进行定水压试验和高速降压试验。根据试验数据作出定压载荷下三种型号传感器响应和推进剂模量的关系曲线。然后根据降压试验数据和定压试验结果提出一项确定标定试样模量的程序。第二项计划采用一台三叉戟-Ⅰ第三级老化试验发动机,发动机绝热层粘贴有几个赫克力斯传感器,采用标定试样所用的低定压试验和快速降压试验方法,根据埋入传感器的响应确定发动机推进剂的模量。实测推进剂模量值和从应力松弛模量主曲线算出的值相当接近。     

利用弹道试验发动机确定弹道性能

本文研究了燃速参数之间的关系。象确定速度系数和速度指数关系那样,确定了温度和压力敏感系数之间的麦克斯韦关系。按一般条件,导出了发动机和速度敏感系数之间的关系。同时由Geckler和Sprenger根据一般经验公式导出了数据相容性关系。     

ON SPECTRAL PROBLEM FOR VISCOUS SHEAR FLOWS

INTRODUCTIONLarge- scale complex eigenvalue problemsarising in continuum physics and engineering ap-plications are important not only because theyyield fundamental knowledge on the systems be-ing studied,they also provide a challenging con-textforthe developmentof numerical and analyt-ical techniques in their solution.In this paper,we re- examine the well- known Orr- Sommerfeldproblem which governs the linear stability of par-allel shear flows.More specifically,we are con-cerned with the …     

美国、欧洲选定HSCT发动机方案

欧洲下一步将推出技术发展研究计划。在美国,一项类似的计划已实施多年。     

帧转移电荷耦合装置用于高速成象

固态成象装置正在越来越多地取代许多领域中的传统摄影技术。本文介绍一种高速摄象机,它利用帧转移CCD成象器的两个特点,也就是同时完成积累过程以及随后的电荷分布向存贮器的转移。本文给出该系统的详细说明及其在研究液流分解工作中的应用。