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951.
An analytical method is developed for determining the basic RF link parameters that are required in a satellite system design. Certain simplifying assumptions are required and specific system elements are selected. Two different design criteria are considered; optimizing the per-beam signal energy to noise spectral density ratio (Eb/N0), and minimizing the per-user costs. These two criteria are complements of each other subject to coverage and performance constraints. The model can be used to rapidly assess tradeoffs in various system elements. A specific example of a domestic satellite system is considered. The economic analyses are also considered and the economy of scale effect is demonstrated for the design example and considered. 相似文献
952.
Experiments of prolonged bedrest in antiorthostatic position are conducted in order to simulated cardio-circulatory modifications observed in weightlessness. Until now, no studies of r.C.B.F. have been effected in these conditions. Six young, healthy volunteers (average age 23.8) were placed in strict bedrest and in antiorthostatic position -4 degrees for 7 days. The r.C.B.F. measurements were studied by 133Xe inhalation method using a 32 detectors system. Studies were made first in basal conditions, then between the 6th and 12th hr, and finally between the 72nd and the 78th hr after the beginning of the experiment. Three of the subjects received 0.450 mg of Clonidine daily during the experiment. In the subjects having taken no Clonidine, we observed a constant increase in r.C.B.F. (12, 17 and 16% respectively) in the first 12 hr; at the 72nd hour, all values had returned to basal state. This findings agrees with the well known notion of a rapid correction of hemodynamic disturbances observed in the first days of weightlessness. In the subjects treated with Clonidine, the increase of r.C.B.F. did not occur. Several mechanisms of action are possible; the Clonidine affecting either the heart by inhibiting volemic atrial receptors or the brain by direct vasoconstriction. 相似文献
953.
954.
Kim N.P. Stanbery B.J. Burgess R.M. Mickelsen R.A. McClelland R.W. King B.D. Gale R.P. 《Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine, IEEE》1989,4(11):23-32
Mechanically stacked tandem cells consisting of GaAs thin-film upper cells and CuInSe2 thin-film lower cells have been developed to meet the increasing power needs projected for future spacecraft. The authors report the fabrication of the first highly efficient lightweight GaAs/CuInSe2 tandem cell on a 2-mil thick substrate, update recent performance improvements in thin-film GaAs/CuInSe2 tandem cells, and discuss their application to space power systems. The efficiency of 4-cm2 cells has improved to 21.6% AM0, the highest ever reported for a thin-film photovoltaic cell. Lightweight 4-cm2 tandem cells have been successfully fabricated with efficiencies as high as 20.8%. These cells weighed about 180 mg without optimized substrate trimming. Radiation and operating temperature effects on GaAs/CuInSe2 tandem cells are also discussed, and an interconnect scheme to form a voltage-matched string is described 相似文献
955.
Severns J.G. Hobbs R.M. Elliott N.P. Towsley R.H. Conway R.W. Virshup G.F. 《Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine, IEEE》1989,4(12):8-12
The LIPS III satellite, which was launched into a 1100-km circular orbit of 60° inclination in the spring of 1987, is discussed. LIPS III is a member of the living-plume-shield class of spacecraft, all of which were built around a simple sheet metal plume deflector. The purpose of LIPS III was to provide a testbed for space power sources. An overview of the LIPS III system is given, and the experiments submitted for it, all but one of which were photovoltaic in nature, are described 相似文献
956.
Incremental planning to control time-constrained blackboard-basedproblem solver [vehicle monitoring]
A planner that improves the control decisions made by a blackboard-based problem solver is described. This planner interleaves planning and execution. It sketches out major plan steps but incrementally details actions for only the next step since earlier actions influence how (and whether) to pursue a plan. The planner also reasons about time constraints, revising plans to meet problem-solving deadlines and deciding when it has done enough work on a problem. Implementation of these mechanisms is outlined, and experiments are discussed showing how they reduce overall computation and improve problem solving 相似文献
957.
H.-E. Frhlich V. Müller H. Oleak 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1984,3(10-12)
Dusty pregalactic Population III objects may provide a mechanism for an effective thermalization of the star radiation. They may generate the observed microwave background and so the high cosmic photon entropy. Assuming a tepid universe a smaller primordial entropy contribution results in reasonable mass scales and amplification factors of pregalactic density fluctuations. 相似文献
958.
S.M.P. McKenna-Lawlor A.K. Richter 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1982,2(11):239-251
A sequence of six well defined interplanetary structures (magnetic clouds) was identified in the solar wind and magnetic field measurements of Helios-1 from 29 June-01 July, 1980. (location 0.64–0.67 AU, C. Long. ~165°, C. Lat. ~5.8°). These structures were characterized by a large northward directed solar wind flow; by well defined directional discontinuities of mainly the ‘tangential-type’ at their beginnings and ends; by some increase in proton and by very pronounced increases in alpha particle number densities - each accompanied by sudden temperature decreases (or in one case by an increase); by some times an increase in magnetic field strength and by values of Nα/Np typical of the inner solar atmosphere. These structures are suggested to have been ejections from a succession (27–29 June, 1980) of Type II producing flares in Hale Region 16923 which coronagraph and X-ray (GOES) data indicate constituted a family of transient producing events. Only two interplanetary shocks were identified in the relevant Helios-1 records. It is suggested on the basis of observations of the directionality of certain of the flare related Type II bursts that some of these shocks could have been missed by the spacecraft. This implies that, in the absence of directional information, correlation of an observed interplanetary shock wave with a solar Type II burst may not always lead to a unique result. 相似文献
959.
The implementation of satellite-based Doppler positioning systems frequently requires the recovery of transmitter position from a single pass of Doppler data. The least-squares approach to the problem yieds conjugate solutions on either side of the satellite subtrack. It is important to develop a procedure for choosing the proper solution which is correct in a high percentage of cases. A test for ambiguity resolution which is the most powerful in the sense that it maximizes the probability of a correct decision is derived. When systematic error sources are properly included in the least-squares reduction process to yield an optimal solution the test reduces to choosing the solution which provides the smaller valuation of the least-squares loss function. When systematic error sources are ignored in the least-squares reduction, the most powerful test is a quadratic form compasison with the weighting matrix of the quadratic form obtained by computing the pseudoinverse of a reduced-rank square matrix. A formula for computing the power of the most powerful test is provided. Numerical examples are included in which the power of the test is computed for situations that are relevant to the design of a satellite-aided search and rescue system. 相似文献
960.
C.R. Philbrick M.E. Garnder P. Lämmerzhal 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1983,3(1):95-98
Measurements of the density and composition of the thermosphere between 150 and 500 km, which were obtained by the S3-1 satellite, have been compared with the Jacchia and MSIS models. The measurements of the densities of O, N2, N and Ar show some differences from the current models which should be considered during the preparation of the next CIRA model. The Ar measurements are particularly useful in examining the response of the neutral atmosphere to geomagnetic heating. These results are useful in establishing the appropriate lower boundary conditions for modeling of the thermosphere. 相似文献