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951.
The dynamics of a satellite-gyrostat moving in the central Newtonian force field along a circular orbit is studied. In the particular case when the vector of gyrostatic moment is parallel to one of the satellite’s principal central axes of inertia, all the equilibrium states are determined. For each equilibrium orientation, sufficient conditions of stability are obtained as a result of the analysis of the generalized energy integral, and necessary conditions of stability are determined as a result of analysis of the linearized equations of motion. The evolution of regions of validity for the conditions of stability of equilibrium positions are studied in detail depending on the parameters of the problem. All the bifurcation values of the parameters at which qualitative changes of the regions of stability take place are determined.__________Translated from Kosmicheskie Issledovaniya, Vol. 43, No. 4, 2005, pp. 283–294.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Sarychev, Mirer, Degtyarev. 相似文献
952.
Yu.A. Surkov V.L. Barsukov 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1985,5(8):17-29
Physical and mechanical properties as well as chemical and mineral composition of Venus rocks are discussed on the basic of the data obtained by ground-based radar observations and the experiments in situ. 相似文献
953.
U. von Zahn V.I. Moroz 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1985,5(11):173-195
Our current knowledge on the composition of the Venus atmosphere in the altitude range from the surface to 100 km is compiled. Gases that have been measured, and whose mixing ratios are assumed to be constant with altitude, are CO2, N2, He, Ne, Ar, and Kr. Gases that have been identified in the lower and/or middle atmosphere, but whose mixing ratios may depend on altitude, latitude and/or local time, are CO, H2O, HCl, HF, and SO2. Conflicting data or only upper limits exist on some important trace gases, such as O2, H2, and Cl2. The latter two are key constituents in the photochemistry of the middle atmosphere of Venus. The chapter concludes with a listing of the isotopic abundances of elements measured in the Venus atmosphere. 相似文献
954.
N.V. Jorjio R.A. Kovrazhkin M.M. Mogilevsky J.M. Bosqued H. Rème J.A. Sauvaud C. Béghin J.L. Rauch 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1985,5(4):141-144
The plasma diagnostic experiments on the AUREOL-3 satellite have revealed flows of low energy 0+ ions deep inside the night plasmasphere during a large substorm. Flux gradients of the 0+ ions were accompanied by enhancements of ELF electric field noise. The appearance of suprathermal ions at is interpreted within the framework of electrostatic ion-cyclotron acceleration of ionospheric ions in the diffuse auroral zone /12/ followed by a radial displacement of these ions inside the plasmasphere driven by azimuthal electric fields during substorm activity. Electrostatic oscillations observed inside the plasmasphere are apparently associated with gradient instability at the sharp boundaries of suprathermal ion flows. 相似文献
955.
V.N. Chelomey 《Acta Astronautica》1984,11(5):269-273
New paradoxical phenomena encountered during experiments with vibrating fluids and solid bodies are reviewed. 相似文献
956.
I V Gribovskaya I A Gladchenko G K Zinenko 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1996,18(4-5):93-97
Two methods of extracting mineral elements from otherwise deadlock products of a life-support system are presented. We describe first optimum conditions for recovering elements by water extraction from dry wastes of plants, biomass ash, and solid human wastes after passing them through the catalytic furnace; and, second, we describe acid extracts of biogenous elements by 1N and 2N HNO3 from these products. Ways to use the extracts of elements in plant nutrition are considered in order to increase the extent to which the mineral loop of a life-support system can be closed. 相似文献
957.
A Tani Y Nishiura M Kiyota H Murase N Honami I Aiga 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1996,18(4-5):251-254
It is possible to cultivate plants under an artificial gravity field generated by a centrifugal device in space. In order to determine an optimal magnitude of gravity, there is a need to investigate the relationship between plant and growth and gravity, including not only reduced gravity but also gravity greater than 1G. A prototype centrifugal phytotron was designed and fabricated in order to investigate the relationship between plant growth and increased gravity. This device enables us to cultivate plants over the long term by controlling environmental conditions in the phytotron such as temperature, relative humidity, CO2 concentration and light intensity. The results of our experiment indicate that plant seeds can germinate and grow even under an artificial gravity which changes sinusoidally from 2G to 4G. 相似文献
958.
P M Sterns L I Tennen 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1995,15(3):281-284
The planning and execution of manned and robotic missions to Mars present a wide range of jurisprudential issues. Provisions to prevent the disruption of natural celestial environments, as well as damage to the environment of Earth by the return of extraterrestrial materials, are important components of the law applicable to mankind's activities in outer space, and have been supplemented by scientifically instituted planetary protection policies. However, divergent legal regimes may exist, as the space treaties in force are neither uniform in their provisions, nor identical as to the states which have signed, ratified, or adopted the international agreements. The legal requirements applicable to a specific mission will vary depending on the entities conducting the program and specific mission profile. This article analyzes the divergent international legal regimes together with the factors which will influence the determination of the standards of conduct which will govern manned and robotic missions to Mars. 相似文献
959.
M Dobrijevic J P Parisot I Dutour 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1995,16(2):105-108
Photochemistry of giant planets and their satellites is characterized by numerous reactions involving a lot of chemical species. In the present paper, chemical systems are modeled by signal flow graphs. Such a technique evaluates the transmission of any input into the system (solar flux, electrons ... ) and gives access to the identification of the most important mechanisms in the chemical system. This method is applied to the production of hydrocarbons in the atmospheres of giant planets. In particular, the production of C2H6 in the atmosphere of Neptune from the photodissociation of CH4 is investigated. Different pathways of dissociation of CH4 are possible from L alpha radiation. A chemical system containing 14 species and 30 reactions including these different pathways of dissociation is integrated. The main mechanism of production of C2H6 is identified and evaluated for each model of dissociation. The importance of various reaction pathways as a function of time is presented. 相似文献
960.
The Satellite Instructional Television Experiment (SITE) was a unique effort aimed at studying the possibilities of satellite broadcasting for education and national development. This one-year joint India-USA project was carried out in 1975–1976 using the ATS-6 spacecraft. This paper briefly describes the experiment and its major findings. It goes on to distill the learning experiences derived from SITE and analyses the extent to which these have influenced the design and configuration of India's domestic satellite system, INSAT. INSAT-1B, which will serve as a replacement for the short-lived INSAT-1A, will be launched shortly and will be operational by the end of 1983. Its payload includes two S-band TV transponders capable of broadcasting directly to augmented TV sets. The paper examines which lessons of SITE are being applied in the planning and operationalisation of the TV system and discusses why others are not being taken account of. Major issues confronting TV system planners in developing countries like India are highlighted and the possible role of satellite broadcasting discussed in this context. The paper concludes by outlining an “ideal scenario” for a large, multilingual country like India, towards which TV planners could attempt to strive. 相似文献