Physical characteristics of the upper layers of Saturn's atmosphere

Analysis of polarimetric observations of Saturn was carried out. In the long wave-length spectral range (λ > 0.5μm) polarimetric observations do not contradict the model of spherical or irregular randomly oriented particles. In the short wave-length spectral interval (λ < 0.5μm) it is necessary to take into account the scattering by oriented particles.     

Water and salt disturbances under condition of microgravity

Under conditions of microgravity severe alterations in body fluid composition and volume take place largely as a result of "cardiothoracic pooling" or headward shift of blood. Inappropriate endocrine, renal and cardiovascular responses result from the "misreading" of homeostatic signals by physiological receptors to produce an as yet incompletely defined syndrome under microgravitational conditions.     

Ionospheric gas dynamics of satellites and diagnostic probes

The gas dynamics of interactions of a tenuous ionosphere with moving satellites and probes that have bearings on the diagnostics of the ionosphere are discussed. Emphasis is on the cases where the body is moving at mesothermal speeds, namely intermediate between the thermal speeds of ions and electrons of the ambient ionosphere. Methods of collision-free plasma kinetics with self-consistent field are used. The development of the topics for discussion starts with stationary Langmuir probe which entails the basic mechanism of body-plasma interaction that becomes further intricated as the body moves at a higher and higher speed. Applications of the theory of plasma interaction to meteors which move in the ionosphere are also presented.     

Families of periodic solutions to Hamiltonian systems: Nonsymmetrical periodic solutions for a planar restricted three-body problem

A monodromy matrix calculated at a single arbitrary point of the periodic solution to a Hamiltonian system allows one to obtain both the direction of continuation for the family of solutions of the first (in Poincarés sense) kind and the multiplicity and direction of branching for periodic solutions of the second kind. In case of resonances 1 : 1 and 1 : 2 one needs to take into account the structure of elementary divisors of the monodromy matrix. Using the planar circular restricted three-body problem as an example, the infiniteness of the process of branching for a nonintegrable system and its finiteness for an integrable system are demonstrated. It is proved that periodic solutions of both first and second kinds which are obtained by continuation of symmetric periodic solutions of a restricted problem are also symmetric. The only exception is the case of resonance 1 : 1 and two second-order cells of the monodromy matrix in the Jordanian form. In this case, all periodic solutions of the second kind turned out to be nonsymmetrical. Examples of the families of nonsymmetrical periodic solutions are given.__________Translated from Kosmicheskie Issledovaniya, Vol. 43, No. 2, 2005, pp. 88–110.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Kreisman.     

Fluxes of Quasi-trapped Electrons with Energies >0.08 MeV in the Near-Earth Space on Drift Shells <Emphasis Type="Italic">L</Emphasis> < 2

We study the characteristics of fluxes of electrons with energy >80 keV in the near-Earth space regions corresponding to the drift shells L = 1.7, 1.4, and 1.1 observed during the entire period of the GRIF experiment onboard the Spectr module of the Mir orbital station from October 1995 to June 1997. The obtained geographic maps of the distribution of electron fluxes at the height of the station flight (400 km) and, also, the estimates of the spectra indicate that the South-Atlantic Anomaly provides for a mechanism of stable replenishment for shells with L < 1.5. The mechanism of stable replenishment of shells with L < 1.5 may be due to the scattering, in the residual atmosphere, of electrons from the inner radiation belt precipitating into the region of the South-Atlantic Anomaly.     

The role of horizontal components of the neutral wind velocity in anthropogenic impacts on the earth’s ionosphere

The influence of zonal and meridional components of the neutral wind under anthropogenic impacts of water molecules on the ionospheres electron concentration distributed along a magnetic field tube is considered. Computer simulation method based on a mathematical model of the F2 region along a field tube is used.Translated from Kosmicheskie Issledovaniya, Vol. 43, No. 1, 2005, pp. 76–80.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Medvedev, Ishanov, Zenkin.     

The waves observed in the ARAKS-East experiment

Experimental results of the Wave measurements over frequency range 0.1–5.0 MHz during the second launch of the ARAKS Experiment (15.02.75) are reported. The differences between the results of the first and the second launches are discussed.     

On a distorted flame front as a hydrodynamic discontinuity

The radius of curvature of a steady distorted flame often turns out to be considerably larger than the width of the thermal structure of the flame. Thus, even under finite deformations of the flame, its structure remains quasi-one-dimensional. This property enables the propagation velocity of a distorted flame front (relative to the gas) to be determined explicitly as a function of the hydrodynamic field and the physico-chemical parameters of the gaseous mixture. With the aid of this relationship one can try to determine the shape of the front in a model which is external with respect to the flame structure and treats the flame as a density jump in an ideal incompressible fluid. As applications, we consider (1) the structure of a Bunsen cone, (2) the extinction of a flame in a divergent flow and (3) the propagation velocity of a corrugated flame.