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351.
352.
Energetic particle observations in the interplanetary medium provide fundamental information about the origin, development
and structure of coronal mass ejections. This paper reviews the status of our understanding of the ways in which particles
are energised at the Sun in association with CMEs. This understanding will remain incomplete until the relationship between
CMEs and flares is determined and we know the topology of the associated magnetic fields. The paper also discusses the characteristics
of interplanetary CMEs that may be probed using particle observations. 相似文献
353.
354.
Ground penetrating radar VIY-2 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Prokhorenko V.P. Ivashchuk V.E. Korsun S.V. 《Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine, IEEE》2005,20(7):16-18
VIY-2 ground penetrating radar (GPR) with unique sounding possibilities and use simplicity is presented at this paper. VIY-2 GPR combines all units (synchronizer, transmitting and receiving modules, powering, and antenna system) into single case. The VIY-2 GPR communicates with computer via standard interface RS232 or USB1.0. Technical solutions utilized by the VIY-2 GPR reduce deployment time and simplify surveying process. The VIY-2 GPR design features and its components interaction are considered at this paper. Some field results are also presented here. The VIY-2 GPR design concept allows reducing the data acquisition time,, optimizing the time-varying gain control function, applying depth-stacking dependence, controlling the surveying window position and interference reducing by pulse repetition frequency randomizing. 相似文献
355.
The results of research in a process of a probe rocket berthing to an asteroid are presented. Control laws were obtained as solutions of three problems, namely berthing considering transient processes in a rocket engine, fastest berthing with regard to fuel consumption and berthing in a scheduled time considering fuel consumption. A program trajectory obtained at solving of the first problem is suitable for mathematical modeling of berthing with the feedback control law and stabilization of angular motion. The solutions of the problems are reduced to simple formulas for controlling parameters calculation in the corresponding structures of control laws. The results can be applied in designing promising space vehicles intended for berthing to other space objects. 相似文献
356.
Yu. V. Klochkov A. P. Nikolaev A. A. Shubovich S. S. Marchenko 《Russian Aeronautics (Iz VUZ)》2013,56(4):327-334
In this paper, we present an algorithm for geometrically nonlinear finite element analysis of the shells of revolution. Use is made of the most proper algorithms for vector interpolation of displacements through the nodal unknowns and an efficient algorithm for obtaining the stress-strain increment relation at a step of loading. By comparing the results of analyzing a geometrically nonlinear shell of revolution obtained on the basis of the ANSYS software with the scalar interpolation of displacements with those obtained on the basis of an author-developed finite element, it has been shown that application of the FEM vector displacement interpolation leads to increasing the accuracy of the finite element solutions in analyzing the stress-strain state of the geometrically nonlinear shells. 相似文献
357.
Contrary to the often stated view, an enrichment of organic material in the light isotope is not a conclusive evidence of
its life-related origin. The β13C - σ13C correlation is a special feature of biological systems. Therefore it can be used as a criterion for identification of organic
carbon. A survey of the available isotopic data for organic compounds in meteorites shows that they do not comply with the
β13C - σ13C correlation. The prevalence of amino and hydroxy acids in purines and sugars found in carbonaceous meteorites indicates
that condensation of HCN and HCHO passed through cyanohydrin reaction, while biological evolution proceeds through formation
of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). This, in addition to the isotope criterion, indicates that the organic compounds in carbonaceous
chondrites are not life-related substances.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
358.
Neugebauer M. Steinberg J.T. Tokar R.L. Barraclough B.L. Dors E.E. Wiens R.C. Gingerich D.E. Luckey D. Whiteaker D.B. 《Space Science Reviews》2003,105(3-4):661-679
Some of the objectives of the Genesis mission require the separate collection of solar wind originating in different types
of solar sources. Measurements of the solar wind protons, alpha particles, and electrons are used on-board the spacecraft
to determine whether the solar-wind source is most likely a coronal hole, interstream flow, or a coronal mass ejection. A
simple fuzzy logic scheme operating on measurements of the proton temperature, the alpha-particle abundance, and the presence
of bidirectional streaming of suprathermal electrons was developed for this purpose. Additional requirements on the algorithm
include the ability to identify the passage of forward shocks, reasonable levels of hysteresis and persistence, and the ability
to modify the algorithm by changes in stored constants rather than changes in the software. After a few minor adjustments,
the algorithm performed well during the initial portion of the mission.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
359.
Kamide Y. Kihn E.A. Ridley A.J. Cliver E.W. Kadowaki Y. 《Space Science Reviews》2003,107(1-2):307-316
We report the recent progress in our joint program of real-time mapping of ionospheric electric fields and currents and field-aligned
currents through the Geospace Environment Data Analysis System (GEDAS) at the Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory and
similar computer systems in the world. Data from individual ground magnetometers as well as from the solar wind are collected
by these systems and are used as input for the KRM and AMIE magnetogram-inversion algorithms, which calculate the two-dimensional
distribution of the ionospheric parameters. One of the goals of this program is to specify the solar-terrestrial environment
in terms of ionospheric processes, providing the scientific community with more than what geomagnetic activity indices and
statistical models provide.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
360.
Alexeev Igor I. Belenkaya Elena S. Bobrovnikov Sergey Yu. Kalegaev Vladimir V. 《Space Science Reviews》2003,107(1-2):7-26
A magnetohydrodynamic model of the solar wind flow is constructed using a kinematic approach. It is shown that a phenomenological
conductivity of the solar wind plasma plays a key role in the forming of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) component
normal to the ecliptic plane. This component is mostly important for the magnetospheric dynamics which is controlled by the
solar wind electric field. A simple analytical solution for the problem of the solar wind flow past the magnetosphere is presented.
In this approach the magnetopause and the Earth's bow shock are approximated by the paraboloids of revolution. Superposition
of the effects of the bulk solar wind plasma motion and the magnetic field diffusion results in an incomplete screening of
the IMF by the magnetopause. It is shown that the normal to the magnetopause component of the solar wind magnetic field and
the tangential component of the electric field penetrated into the magnetosphere are determined by the quarter square of the
magnetic Reynolds number. In final, a dynamic model of the magnetospheric magnetic field is constructed. This model can describe
the magnetosphere in the course of the severe magnetic storm. The conditions under which the magnetospheric magnetic flux
structure is unstable and can drive the magnetospheric substorm are discussed. The model calculations are compared with the
observational data for September 24–26, 1998 magnetic storm (Dst
min=−205 nT) and substorm occurred at 02:30 UT on January 10, 1997.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献