A new design of low-power portable digital ionosonde

The Ionospheric Laboratory of Wuhan University is interested in upgrading its instrumentation replacing the WIOBSS (Wuhan Ionospheric Oblique Backscattering Sounding System) with a more flexible and automatic ionosonde. Then the updated ionosonde WMI (Wuhan Multifunctional Ionosonde) with automatic ionogram scaling has been developed to satisfy future research. The new system not only inherited some classic techniques from WIOBSS, such as the pulse compression and the coherent integration techniques, but also made great improvements in hardware design and software updating. This paper mainly introduces evolutions of this new ionosonde in both digital transceiver and digital signal processing domain, and also presents some observations.     

Evaluation of COMPASS ionospheric model in GNSS positioning

As important products of GNSS navigation message, ionospheric delay model parameters are broadcasted for single-frequency users to improve their positioning accuracy. GPS provides daily Klobuchar ionospheric model parameters based on geomagnetic reference frame, while the regional satellite navigation system of China’s COMPASS broadcasts an eight-parameter ionospheric model, COMPASS Ionospheric Model(CIM), which was generated by processing data from continuous monitoring stations, with updating the parameters every 2 h. To evaluate its performance, CIM predictions are compared to ionospheric delay measurements, along with GPS positioning accuracy comparisons. Real observed data analysis indicates that CIM provides higher correction precision in middle-latitude regions, but relatively lower correction precision for low-latitude regions where the ionosphere has much higher variability. CIM errors for some users show a common bias for in-coming COMPASS signals from different satellites, and hence ionospheric model errors are somehow translated into the receivers’ clock error estimation. In addition, the CIM from the China regional monitoring network are further evaluated for global ionospheric corrections. Results show that in the Northern Hemisphere areas including Asia, Europe and North America, the three-dimensional positioning accuracy using the CIM for ionospheric delay corrections is improved by 7.8%–35.3% when compared to GPS single-frequency positioning ionospheric delay corrections using the Klobuchar model. However, the positioning accuracy in the Southern Hemisphere is degraded due apparently to the lack of monitoring stations there.     

Explicit expression of collision probability in terms of RSW and NTW components of relative position

The existing analytical and numerical computing methods for collision probability (P_c) provide sufficiently accurate results, but do not reveal the direct connection between P_c and conjunction geometry or error covariance. This paper derived an explicit expression of P_c under the circular orbit assumption, based on analysis of closest approach distance and Chan’s analytical formulae for P_c. The P_c was expressed as an explicit function of the radial, in-track, cross-track components of relative position and error covariance. The explicit expression is simple and compact, relates P_c with components of relative position, which are two kinds of important conjunction risk criteria. By introducing non-zero flight-path angle and ratio of velocity’s magnitude, a modified expression of P_c was presented for objects in eccentric orbits. For objects with eccentricity less than 0.01 (which account for 62% of all LEO objects), the relative error of the explicit expression is less than 0.107, or 0.252 for typical conjunction cases. What really matters in conjunction risk assessment is the order of magnitude rather than the specific value of P_c, the precision of the explicit expression is sufficient for conjunction risk assessment and decision-making for most LEO objects.     

AZ31镁合金搅拌摩擦焊工艺研究

采用带螺纹的搅拌头对10mm厚的镁合金在不同的工艺参数下进行搅拌摩擦焊,并观察了焊缝的表面形貌和显微组织,结果表明:当n/v比在一定的合适范围内时,才能获得焊缝成形优良的接头;焊核区的金属在搅拌头摩擦热和旋转搅拌的作用下发生塑性变形,并产生细小等轴状的动态再结晶晶粒,晶粒大小约为4.5μm,β-Mg17All2经过搅摩擦焊后弥散分布;前进侧和返回侧的金属均沿着焊核边缘向上迁移,前进侧焊缝过渡区域金属流变剧烈,而返回侧过渡区域的金属流变较缓和,存在一个渐变的过渡区域。     

基于模板识别的高精度自动定位系统

为满足机器人辅助 医疗手术中高精度自动识别物体的需要,利用Bumblebee 2 摄像头拍摄图像,把黑白交互的椭圆和圆作为一个模板,用改进的角点提取方法提取出图像中的角点;在对图像进行增强之后,利用模板黑白格的几何对称性特征提取模板中的角点,然后区分出椭圆中的角点和圆中的角点,最后利用向量垂直关系提取出椭圆中的目标角点,识别出模板.通过Bumblebee 2自带的深度函数,提取模板的深度,得到模板在摄像头空间中的坐标,达到高精度自动定位物体的目的,克服传统摄像机需要标定内外参数的步骤.实验表明,定位误差在0.42 mm之内,基本上可以满足手术的要求.     

基于信息理论的网络文本组合聚类

尽管近年来针对文本聚类问题进行了大量研究,其仍然是数据挖掘领域的一个富有挑战性的问题,特别在弱相关特征乃至噪声特征的处理上,仍然存在诸多挑战。针对这一问题提出了文本聚类的分解-组合算法框架——DIAS。该方法首先通过简单随机特征抽样将高维文本数据进行分解得到多样化的结构知识,其优点是能够较好地避免产生大量的噪声特征。然后采用基于信息理论的一致性聚类（ICC）将多视角基础聚类知识组合起来,得到高质量的一致性划分。最后通过在8个真实文本数据集上的实验,证明DIAS算法相较于其他被广泛使用的算法具有明显优势,特别在处理弱基础聚类上具有突出效果。由于在分布式计算上的天然优势,DIAS有望成为大规模文本聚类的主流算法。      

基于吊具吊点调节的航天器水平调节方法

水平调节是航天器吊装过程中质量控制和安全保障的重要环节。文章针对航天器吊装时不同状态的特点,提出了一种以传感器倾角为输入、吊点位置为输出的水平调节航天器的方法,并通过理论分析给出调节算法,最后通过软件仿真验证了新方法的有效性。     

基于混杂系统模型的航空器4D航迹推测

为实现对未来大流量、高密度、小间隔条件下空域实施管理,4D航迹推测是国内新一代空管自动化系统最为核心的一项技术。首先基于飞行剖面不同飞行阶段的航空器动力学模型,构造了在不同飞行阶段之间转移,而在同一阶段航空器重量、校正空速、高度和距离等状态连续变化的混杂系统模型。通过温度和风速风向修正航空器真空速及地速,利用混杂系统递推法求解航空器4D航迹。实际算例表明,本文提出的混杂系统模型推测得到的水平航迹和垂直剖面能够准确地反映航空器的飞行状态变化,单架航空器4D航迹推测计算时间可以控制在2 s以内。     

一种通用振动夹具的设计

星上电子设备在振动试验中需要夹具转接,夹具的性能优劣直接影响到设备的可靠性。文章介绍了一种通用振动夹具的结构设计,并进行了仿真分析、仿真优化、试验验证,对夹具进行了讨论和总结。文章内容对星上电子设备及同类产品振动试验夹具的设计具有一定工程指导和参考价值。     

有动力通用再入飞行器的轨迹设计与优化

研究了有动力通用再入飞行器的燃料最优巡航轨迹,将问题转化为求解最优稳态巡航轨迹和最优周期巡航轨迹问题。基于稳态动力学方程求解了全局最优稳态巡航轨迹,采用直接打靶法求解了最优周期巡航轨迹,求解过程均考虑了质量变化。结果表明,与全局最优稳态巡航轨迹相比,在一个周期内,最优周期巡航轨迹在燃料消耗和吸热量两个方面都更具优势,采用超燃冲压发动机和火箭发动机分别可以节省4.75%和3.96%的燃料,吸热量分别减小10.4%和5.9%。