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991.
S. A. Mikhailov T. A. Mukhametshin D. V. Nedel’ko A. V. Dvoryankin 《Russian Aeronautics (Iz VUZ)》2012,55(4):353-356
The methodical grounds for helicopter operation with respect to the technical condition for the state of the art of aeronautical engineering are analyzed and generalized. The most essential engineering solutions on developing the systems for monitoring the helicopter operating conditions are considered. The promising lines for further development of these systems are designated. 相似文献
992.
The martian surface environment exhibits extremes of salinity, temperature, desiccation, and radiation that would make it difficult for terrestrial microbes to survive. Recent evidence suggests that martian soils contain high concentrations of MgSO? minerals. Through warming of the soils, meltwater derived from subterranean ice-rich regolith may exist for an extended period of time and thus allow the propagation of terrestrial microbes and create significant bioburden at the near surface of Mars. The current report demonstrates that halotolerant bacteria from the Great Salt Plains (GSP) of Oklahoma are capable of growing at high concentrations of MgSO? in the form of 2 M solutions of epsomite. The epsotolerance of isolates in the GSP bacterial collection was determined, with 35% growing at 2 M MgSO?. There was a complex physiological response to mixtures of MgSO? and NaCl coupled with other environmental stressors. Growth also was measured at 1 M concentrations of other magnesium and sulfate salts. The complex responses may be partially explained by the pattern of chaotropicity observed for high-salt solutions as measured by agar gelation temperature. Select isolates could grow at the high salt concentrations and low temperatures found on Mars. Survival during repetitive freeze-thaw or drying-rewetting cycles was used as other measures of potential success on the martian surface. Our results indicate that terrestrial microbes might survive under the high-salt, low-temperature, anaerobic conditions on Mars and present significant potential for forward contamination. Stringent planetary protection requirements are needed for future life-detection missions to Mars. 相似文献
993.
P Tsou DE Brownlee CP McKay AD Anbar H Yano K Altwegg LW Beegle R Dissly NJ Strange I Kanik 《Astrobiology》2012,12(8):730-742
Abstract Life Investigation For Enceladus (LIFE) presents a low-cost sample return mission to Enceladus, a body with high astrobiological potential. There is ample evidence that liquid water exists under ice coverage in the form of active geysers in the "tiger stripes" area of the southern Enceladus hemisphere. This active plume consists of gas and ice particles and enables the sampling of fresh materials from the interior that may originate from a liquid water source. The particles consist mostly of water ice and are 1-10?μ in diameter. The plume composition shows H(2)O, CO(2), CH(4), NH(3), Ar, and evidence that more complex organic species might be present. Since life on Earth exists whenever liquid water, organics, and energy coexist, understanding the chemical components of the emanating ice particles could indicate whether life is potentially present on Enceladus. The icy worlds of the outer planets are testing grounds for some of the theories for the origin of life on Earth. The LIFE mission concept is envisioned in two parts: first, to orbit Saturn (in order to achieve lower sampling speeds, approaching 2 km/s, and thus enable a softer sample collection impact than Stardust, and to make possible multiple flybys of Enceladus); second, to sample Enceladus' plume, the E ring of Saturn, and the Titan upper atmosphere. With new findings from these samples, NASA could provide detailed chemical and isotopic and, potentially, biological compositional context of the plume. Since the duration of the Enceladus plume is unpredictable, it is imperative that these samples are captured at the earliest flight opportunity. If LIFE is launched before 2019, it could take advantage of a Jupiter gravity assist, which would thus reduce mission lifetimes and launch vehicle costs. The LIFE concept offers science returns comparable to those of a Flagship mission but at the measurably lower sample return costs of a Discovery-class mission. Key Words: Astrobiology-Habitability-Enceladus-Biosignatures. Astrobiology 12, 730-742. 相似文献
994.
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996.
针对三维导弹-目标相对运动模型,结合反演控制、滑模控制和自适应技术,设计了一种新的自适应反演滑模末制导律。针对目标机动加速度上界难以获取的问题,将目标机动加速度视作模型的干扰,设计了一种自适应律对其进行在线估计,并将估计值补偿到制导律中。运用李亚普诺夫稳定性理论证明了系统的全局渐进稳定性和误差的收敛性。仿真结果证明了所设计的自适应反演滑模末制导律对机动目标的鲁棒性和有效性。 相似文献
997.
验证、校核和确认(VV&A)过程的规范化对提高建模与仿真全生命周期VV&A工作效率和准确性具有重要意义。从VV&A任务分配和VV&A信息反馈的角度,提出了一种基于可信度指标体系的VV&A过程模型。该过程模型是在DMSO VV&A RPG过程模型基础上,引入可信度指标体系以明确VV&A各阶段的具体任务和反馈机制。另外,引入VV&A"两个方向"和"两类反馈"概念解析了采用该过程模型的VV&A工作思路。最后,将该过程模型用于某飞行器弹道仿真系统的VV&A工作中,实践证明,该过程模型在VV&A工程应用中起到了很好的指导作用。 相似文献
998.
设计开发了MSVAS(建模与仿真VV&A(校核、验证和确认)辅助软件),提高导弹动力学仿真系统VV&A自动化程度。过程管理模块通过工程配置文件设计,提供VV&A流程的图形化设计与管理、任务安排等功能,指导VV&A工作顺利进行;评估分析模块提供方法库,为各类具体评估工作提供技术方法支持;模型测试模块提供各种试验设计方法,目的是为充分测试评估模型的可信性设计各类测试实例;资源管理模块对导弹动力学系统VV&A所涉及到的数据、模型和文档等资源进行了合理、有效的管理。MSVAS能为导弹动力学仿真系统VV&A提供过程管理、技术等支持,提高了VV&A工作效率,并减轻工作者的负担。 相似文献
999.
研究了单级离心压气机中径向叶片扩压器倒角对其气动性能的影响.在倒角较小时,压气机单级性能改变不大,随着倒角的增大,堵点流量降低,效率和压比下降.在此基础上,开展了优化径向叶片扩压器倒角从而提升离心压气机气动性能的研究.结果表明:在径向扩压器吸力面采用无倒角或小倒角结构,防止流量堵塞,而在压力面采用沿弦向变半径倒角结构,抑制和消除压力面存在的分离,这种结构可明显提升所研究的离心压气机的气动性能.另外,进一步研究了在轮毂和机匣处分别采用如上倒角结构对气动性能的影响,发现轮毂处变倒角对性能优化起了主要作用. 相似文献
1000.
Removing orbital debris with lasers 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Claude R. Phipps Kevin L. Baker Stephen B. Libby Duane A. Liedahl Scot S. Olivier Lyn D. Pleasance Alexander Rubenchik James E. Trebes E. Victor George Bogdan Marcovici James P. Reilly Michael T. Valley 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2012
Orbital debris in low Earth orbit (LEO) are now sufficiently dense that the use of LEO space is threatened by runaway collision cascading. A problem predicted more than thirty years ago, the threat from debris larger than about 1 cm demands serious attention. A promising proposed solution uses a high power pulsed laser system on the Earth to make plasma jets on the objects, slowing them slightly, and causing them to re-enter and burn up in the atmosphere. In this paper, we reassess this approach in light of recent advances in low-cost, light-weight modular design for large mirrors, calculations of laser-induced orbit changes and in design of repetitive, multi-kilojoules lasers, that build on inertial fusion research. These advances now suggest that laser orbital debris removal (LODR) is the most cost-effective way to mitigate the debris problem. No other solutions have been proposed that address the whole problem of large and small debris. A LODR system will have multiple uses beyond debris removal. International cooperation will be essential for building and operating such a system. 相似文献