四频激光陀螺磁致零漂的抑制

磁致零漂是引起四频激光陀螺零漂的主要来源之一。本文从理论上分析了磁致零漂产生的原因,提出了抑制磁致零漂的措施。并通过实验表明这种措施对提高四频激光陀螺性能起着重要作用。     

机载随动武器系统的发展演变与应用研究

机载随动武器系统是战斗机武器系统的重要组成部分,能够精确定向、快速响应随动、瞄准目标,作战应用灵活,可对目标实施有效杀伤。本文通过对国外机载随动武器系统发展演变和划代技术特点的分析,梳理了技术演变过程和发展的趋势,对机载随动武器系统的未来发展和应用研究具有一定的指导意义。     

A facility for long-term Mars simulation experiments: the Mars Environmental Simulation Chamber (MESCH)

We describe the design, construction, and pilot operation of a Mars simulation facility comprised of a cryogenic environmental chamber, an atmospheric gas analyzer, and a xenon/mercury discharge source for UV generation. The Mars Environmental Simulation Chamber (MESCH) consists of a double-walled cylindrical chamber. The double wall provides a cooling mantle through which liquid N(2) can be circulated. A load-lock system that consists of a small pressure-exchange chamber, which can be evacuated, allows for the exchange of samples without changing the chamber environment. Fitted within the MESCH is a carousel, which holds up to 10 steel sample tubes. Rotation of the carousel is controlled by an external motor. Each sample in the carousel can be placed at any desired position. Environmental data, such as temperature, pressure, and UV exposure time, are computer logged and used in automated feedback mechanisms, enabling a wide variety of experiments that include time series. Tests of the simulation facility have successfully demonstrated its ability to produce temperature cycles and maintain low temperature (down to -140 degrees C), low atmospheric pressure (5-10 mbar), and a gas composition like that of Mars during long-term experiments.     

Mitigation of the impact of terrestrial contamination on organic measurements from the Mars Science Laboratory

The objective of the 2009 Mars Science Laboratory (MSL), which is planned to follow the Mars Exploration Rovers and the Phoenix lander to the surface of Mars, is to explore and assess quantitatively a site on Mars as a potential habitat for present or past life. Specific goals include an assessment of the past or present biological potential of the target environment and a characterization of its geology and geochemistry. Included in the 10 investigations of the MSL rover is the Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) instrument suite, which is designed to obtain trace organic measurements, measure water and other volatiles, and measure several light isotopes with experiment sequences designed for both atmospheric and solid-phase samples. SAM integrates a gas chromatograph, a mass spectrometer, and a tunable laser spectrometer supported by sample manipulation tools both within and external to the suite. The sub-part-per-billion sensitivity of the suite for trace species, particularly organic molecules, along with a mobile platform that will contain many kilograms of organic materials, presents a considerable challenge due to the potential for terrestrial contamination to mask the signal of martian organics. We describe the effort presently underway to understand and mitigate, wherever possible within the resource constraints of the mission, terrestrial contamination in MSL and SAM measurements.     

Establishment of a rearing system of the extremotolerant tardigrade Ramazzottius varieornatus: a new model animal for astrobiology

Studies on the ability of multicellular organisms to tolerate specific environmental extremes are relatively rare compared to those of unicellular microorganisms in extreme environments. Tardigrades are extremotolerant animals that can enter an ametabolic dry state called anhydrobiosis and have high tolerance to a variety of extreme environmental conditions, particularly while in anhydrobiosis. Although tardigrades have been expected to be a potential model animal for astrobiological studies due to their excellent anhydrobiotic and extremotolerant abilities, few studies of tolerance with cultured tardigrades have been reported, possibly due to the absence of a model species that can be easily maintained under rearing conditions. We report the successful rearing of the herbivorous tardigrade, Ramazzottius varieornatus, by supplying the green alga Chlorella vulgaris as food. The life span was 35 +/- 16.4 d, deposited eggs required 5.7 +/- 1.1 d to hatch, and animals began to deposit eggs 9 d after hatching. The reared individuals of this species had an anhydrobiotic capacity throughout their life cycle in egg, juvenile, and adult stages. Furthermore, the reared adults in an anhydrobiotic state were tolerant of temperatures of 90 degrees C and -196 degrees C, and exposure to 99.8% acetonitrile or irradiation with 4000 Gy (4)He ions. Based on their life history traits and tolerance to extreme stresses, R. varieornatus may be a suitable model for astrobiological studies of multicellular organisms.     

利用金属氢化物处理氢激射器中的气体

氢与某些金属和合金之间相互作用的可逆性,在满足氢激射器的氢源供应、氢气流量调节以及保持真空度等方面,得到了十分有效的应用。此外,氢化物在减小激射器的体积、重量和功耗以及改进系统的可靠性等方面都有重要作用。可供振荡式小型化氢激射器运行七年的氢源,可以存储在50克LaNi_5或50克LaNi_(4.7)Al_(0.3)中。包括一个电控钯银合金稳流器在内,氢源所占的容积小于50毫升。为氢激射器配套的吸气剂——离子真空泵组合装置中,用锆石墨作吸气剂。工作经验表明,为确保激射器运行可靠,需要具备洁净的、可烘烤的真空系统。这种真空系统的设计要求是十分严格的。     

一种采用介质谐振器的X波段GaAsFET振荡器

一种采用介质谐振器的高稳定X波段GaAsFET振荡器已经研制出来。这种振荡器的频率稳定度低于±1MHz(-40℃～85℃),其外形尺寸大大地缩小了(20.3mm×12.6mm×8.8mm)。为介质谐振器研制了一种新材料Ba(NiTa)为O3—Ba(ZrZnTa)为O3,这种新型材料具有非常高的Q值和高的温度稳定性。在10GHz和Tf=0ppm/℃时,谐振器的特性为K=29,Q=10000。     

舰队弹道导弹计划（2）“北极星”蜕变

是的，在舰队弹道导弹计划发展进程中．那种高昂的士气贯穿始终。无论是一个技术难点，还是一次政府攻关；是在实验室的操作台前．还是会议上的每次讨论。那种团结是推动计划的原动力。     

用内压降压试验和埋入式传感器测定固体推进剂的有效模量

赫克力斯(Hercules)公司研制了一种无损试验方法,用埋入式应力传感器系统测定全尺寸老化试验发动机的推进剂模量。该方案包括两项实验计划,一项为标定试样试验;另一项为全尺寸发动机试验。第一项计划用来确定传感器响应和推进剂模量间的关系。其方法是将三种型号的赫克力斯传感器预埋在已知拉伸模量值的推进剂中制成标定试样,进行定水压试验和高速降压试验。根据试验数据作出定压载荷下三种型号传感器响应和推进剂模量的关系曲线。然后根据降压试验数据和定压试验结果提出一项确定标定试样模量的程序。第二项计划采用一台三叉戟-Ⅰ第三级老化试验发动机,发动机绝热层粘贴有几个赫克力斯传感器,采用标定试样所用的低定压试验和快速降压试验方法,根据埋入传感器的响应确定发动机推进剂的模量。实测推进剂模量值和从应力松弛模量主曲线算出的值相当接近。