两种前体压缩方式对斜爆震燃烧影响的数值研究

为推动工程应用,探究斜爆震发动机前体压缩程度对斜爆震燃烧的影响,建立了两道等强激波和斜激波-等熵两种前体压缩简化模型,通过数值模拟对比了飞行马赫数8～10条件下,两种压缩方式对斜爆震波结构以及斜爆震波总压损失的影响.结果表明,前体压缩方式的差异会引起斜爆震波起爆区结构以及起爆位置的变化,且随着飞行马赫数降低,压缩方式对...     

Mineral-enhanced hydrothermal oligopeptide formation at the second time scale

Accumulation of biopolymers should have been an essential step for the emergence of life on primitive Earth. However, experimental simulations for submarine hydrothermal vent systems in which high-temperature water spouts through minerals within a short time scale have not been attempted. Here, we show that enhancement of hydrothermal oligopeptide elongation by naturally occurring minerals was successfully verified for the first time by using a mineral-mediated hydrothermal flow reactor system (MMHF). MMHF consists of a narrow tubular reactor packed with mineral particles, and the enhancement or inhibitory activities of 10 types of naturally occurring minerals were successfully evaluated for an elongation reaction from (Ala)(4) to (Ala)(5) and higher oligopeptides in the absence of condensation reagents. It was unexpected that calcite and dolomite facilitated the elongation from (Ala)(4) to (Ala)(5) and higher oligopeptides with 28% yield at pH 7, while tourmaline, galena, apatite, mica, sphalerite, quartz, chalcopyrite, and pyrite did not show enhancement activities. These facts suggest the importance of carbonate minerals for the accumulation of peptide in primitive Earth environments.     

Survival of Deinococcus radiodurans against laboratory-simulated solar wind charged particles

In this experimental study, cells of the radiation-resistant bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans were exposed to several different sources of radiation chosen to replicate the charged particles found in the solar wind. Naked cells or cells mixed with dust grains (basalt or sandstone) differing in elemental composition were exposed to electrons, protons, and ions to determine the probability of cell survival after irradiation. Doses necessary to reduce the viability of cell population to 10% (LD(10)) were determined under different experimental conditions. The results of this study indicate that low-energy particle radiation (2-4?keV), typically present in the slow component of the solar wind, had no effect on dehydrated cells, even if exposed at fluences only reached in more than 1000 years at Sun-Earth distance (1 AU). Higher-energy ions (200?keV) found in solar flares would inactivate 90% of exposed cells after several events in less than 1 year at 1 AU. When mixed with dust grains, LD(10) increases about 10-fold. These results show that, compared to the highly deleterious effects of UV radiation, solar wind charged particles are relatively benign, and organisms protected under grains from UV radiation would also be protected from the charged particles considered in this study.     

Properties of an Earth-like planet orbiting a Sun-like star: Earth observed by the EPOXI mission

NASA's EPOXI mission observed the disc-integrated Earth and Moon to test techniques for reconnoitering extrasolar terrestrial planets, using the Deep Impact flyby spacecraft to observe Earth at the beginning and end of Northern Hemisphere spring, 2008, from a range of ～1/6 to 1/3 AU. These observations furnish high-precision and high-cadence empirical photometry and spectroscopy of Earth, suitable as "ground truth" for numerically simulating realistic observational scenarios for an Earth-like exoplanet with finite signal-to-noise ratio. Earth was observed at near-equatorial sub-spacecraft latitude on 18-19 March, 28-29 May, and 4-5 June (UT), in the range of 372-4540?nm wavelength with low visible resolving power (λ/Δλ=5-13) and moderate IR resolving power (λ/Δλ=215-730). Spectrophotometry in seven filters yields light curves at ～372-948?nm filter-averaged wavelength, modulated by Earth's rotation with peak-to-peak amplitude of ≤20%. The spatially resolved Sun glint is a minor contributor to disc-integrated reflectance. Spectroscopy at 1100-4540?nm reveals gaseous water and carbon dioxide, with minor features of molecular oxygen, methane, and nitrous oxide. One-day changes in global cloud cover resulted in differences between the light curve beginning and end of ≤5%. The light curve of a lunar transit of Earth on 29 May is color-dependent due to the Moon's red spectrum partially occulting Earth's relatively blue spectrum. The "vegetation red edge" spectral contrast observed between two long-wavelength visible/near-IR bands is ambiguous, not clearly distinguishing between the verdant Earth diluted by cloud cover versus the desolate mineral regolith of the Moon. Spectrophotometry in at least one other comparison band at short wavelength is required to distinguish between Earth-like and Moon-like surfaces in reconnaissance observations. However, measurements at 850?nm alone, the high-reflectance side of the red edge, could be sufficient to establish periodicity in the light curve and deduce Earth's diurnal period and the existence of fixed surface units.     

利用法拉第效应的带有缠绕单模光纤闭环工作的谐振腔型光纤陀螺

本文提出一和中在腔内对于相向传播的光束利用法拉第效应作为非互易物理效应的新方法。这种装置结构简单且不需要昂贵的设备。     

干扰秩估计对减秩空时自适应处理算法检测性能的影响

研究了在机载雷达应用中，进行干扰秩估计对几种减秩空时自适应处理方法的检测性能的影响。重点研究了干扰秩与实现最大检测概率处理所需的接收 阶的关系。此外，还研究了其恒虚警率（ＣＦＡＲ）特性。所考虑的参数包括：抑制噪声干扰机数目，杂波的抗相关时间以及飞机倾斜角。本文还提供了模拟数据以及测量数据结果。     

角编码器的自动校准系统

校准角编码器(或回转编码器)通常使用人工方法与机械参考标准(如精密分度台或多角镜)进行比较。用这种普通方法校准编码器的所有分度是一项很困难的工作,需要熟练的技巧且消耗大量的时间。本文介绍一种适用于各种数字角编码器并具有高精度和高效率的自动校准系统。校准圆周度盘和角编码器的基本方法可分两种:a.     

FAA批准空中客车“混合机队”飞行

美国联邦航空局(FAA)已批准空中客车工业公司的计划,允许民航公司使用同一组驾驶员飞行A320、A330和A340飞机。 据空中客车讲,这一计划可使空中客车的用户比其他飞机的用户每年减少上百万美元的培训和管理费用。费用节省来自机组生产率和模拟器的选择,模拟器可以转用于不同机型的驾驶员训练。而且这一计划还有助于远程飞机驾驶员熟练掌握关键飞行阶段技术,如着陆,因为他们可以同时飞行起落频繁的短程航线,进而可以提高飞行安全。民航飞行员协会和航空安全官员担心“混合机队”飞行计划的批准会使驾驶员因需掌握不同型号飞机的结构和性能而负担过重。