在SA条件下利用GPS的轨道确定和点定位

GPS精度控制(SA)措施降低了GPS标准定位业务(SPS)非差分用户的定位精度。常说的SPS可达精度在正常条件下为100米(2DRMS)。在缺乏更多具体条件下,许多未来的SPS用户在他们的规划中采用了100米这一精度值,但多数情况下,是夸大了实际定位误差。在本文中,我们针对轨道用户星的点定位和动力学轨道确定来研究SA带来的误差。要使SA带来的误差减至最小,非差分用户有几种选择:扩大接收视场;观测尽可能多的GPS卫星;在时间上平滑误差;选用独立计算的GPS精密轨道星历(如NASA和美国测绘局计算的),而不采用广播星历。仿真计算表明,3维点位误差可保持在30米,并且在几小时内能平滑到3米。     

基于机床动态性能的离子束修形驻留时间精确实现

本文提出机床进给加速度求解理论公式,并在速度加工模式中引入机床动态性能以修正驻留时间.结合自研的离子束抛光机床KDIFS-500,利用该机床的动态特性和小束径去除函数,仿真正弦面误差,表明修正后速度加工模式能保证离子束修形过程中驻留时间的精确实现,提高面形精度.     

A facility for long-term Mars simulation experiments: the Mars Environmental Simulation Chamber (MESCH)

We describe the design, construction, and pilot operation of a Mars simulation facility comprised of a cryogenic environmental chamber, an atmospheric gas analyzer, and a xenon/mercury discharge source for UV generation. The Mars Environmental Simulation Chamber (MESCH) consists of a double-walled cylindrical chamber. The double wall provides a cooling mantle through which liquid N(2) can be circulated. A load-lock system that consists of a small pressure-exchange chamber, which can be evacuated, allows for the exchange of samples without changing the chamber environment. Fitted within the MESCH is a carousel, which holds up to 10 steel sample tubes. Rotation of the carousel is controlled by an external motor. Each sample in the carousel can be placed at any desired position. Environmental data, such as temperature, pressure, and UV exposure time, are computer logged and used in automated feedback mechanisms, enabling a wide variety of experiments that include time series. Tests of the simulation facility have successfully demonstrated its ability to produce temperature cycles and maintain low temperature (down to -140 degrees C), low atmospheric pressure (5-10 mbar), and a gas composition like that of Mars during long-term experiments.     

Mitigation of the impact of terrestrial contamination on organic measurements from the Mars Science Laboratory

The objective of the 2009 Mars Science Laboratory (MSL), which is planned to follow the Mars Exploration Rovers and the Phoenix lander to the surface of Mars, is to explore and assess quantitatively a site on Mars as a potential habitat for present or past life. Specific goals include an assessment of the past or present biological potential of the target environment and a characterization of its geology and geochemistry. Included in the 10 investigations of the MSL rover is the Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) instrument suite, which is designed to obtain trace organic measurements, measure water and other volatiles, and measure several light isotopes with experiment sequences designed for both atmospheric and solid-phase samples. SAM integrates a gas chromatograph, a mass spectrometer, and a tunable laser spectrometer supported by sample manipulation tools both within and external to the suite. The sub-part-per-billion sensitivity of the suite for trace species, particularly organic molecules, along with a mobile platform that will contain many kilograms of organic materials, presents a considerable challenge due to the potential for terrestrial contamination to mask the signal of martian organics. We describe the effort presently underway to understand and mitigate, wherever possible within the resource constraints of the mission, terrestrial contamination in MSL and SAM measurements.     

Establishment of a rearing system of the extremotolerant tardigrade Ramazzottius varieornatus: a new model animal for astrobiology

Studies on the ability of multicellular organisms to tolerate specific environmental extremes are relatively rare compared to those of unicellular microorganisms in extreme environments. Tardigrades are extremotolerant animals that can enter an ametabolic dry state called anhydrobiosis and have high tolerance to a variety of extreme environmental conditions, particularly while in anhydrobiosis. Although tardigrades have been expected to be a potential model animal for astrobiological studies due to their excellent anhydrobiotic and extremotolerant abilities, few studies of tolerance with cultured tardigrades have been reported, possibly due to the absence of a model species that can be easily maintained under rearing conditions. We report the successful rearing of the herbivorous tardigrade, Ramazzottius varieornatus, by supplying the green alga Chlorella vulgaris as food. The life span was 35 +/- 16.4 d, deposited eggs required 5.7 +/- 1.1 d to hatch, and animals began to deposit eggs 9 d after hatching. The reared individuals of this species had an anhydrobiotic capacity throughout their life cycle in egg, juvenile, and adult stages. Furthermore, the reared adults in an anhydrobiotic state were tolerant of temperatures of 90 degrees C and -196 degrees C, and exposure to 99.8% acetonitrile or irradiation with 4000 Gy (4)He ions. Based on their life history traits and tolerance to extreme stresses, R. varieornatus may be a suitable model for astrobiological studies of multicellular organisms.     

利用金属氢化物处理氢激射器中的气体

氢与某些金属和合金之间相互作用的可逆性,在满足氢激射器的氢源供应、氢气流量调节以及保持真空度等方面,得到了十分有效的应用。此外,氢化物在减小激射器的体积、重量和功耗以及改进系统的可靠性等方面都有重要作用。可供振荡式小型化氢激射器运行七年的氢源,可以存储在50克LaNi_5或50克LaNi_(4.7)Al_(0.3)中。包括一个电控钯银合金稳流器在内,氢源所占的容积小于50毫升。为氢激射器配套的吸气剂——离子真空泵组合装置中,用锆石墨作吸气剂。工作经验表明,为确保激射器运行可靠,需要具备洁净的、可烘烤的真空系统。这种真空系统的设计要求是十分严格的。     

一种采用介质谐振器的X波段GaAsFET振荡器

一种采用介质谐振器的高稳定X波段GaAsFET振荡器已经研制出来。这种振荡器的频率稳定度低于±1MHz(-40℃～85℃),其外形尺寸大大地缩小了(20.3mm×12.6mm×8.8mm)。为介质谐振器研制了一种新材料Ba(NiTa)为O3—Ba(ZrZnTa)为O3,这种新型材料具有非常高的Q值和高的温度稳定性。在10GHz和Tf=0ppm/℃时,谐振器的特性为K=29,Q=10000。     

舰队弹道导弹计划（2）“北极星”蜕变

是的，在舰队弹道导弹计划发展进程中．那种高昂的士气贯穿始终。无论是一个技术难点，还是一次政府攻关；是在实验室的操作台前．还是会议上的每次讨论。那种团结是推动计划的原动力。     

爆震发动机研究进展

爆震是实现增压燃烧的一种重要途径,得益于爆震循环的热效率增益,基于爆震构建的推进装置具有显著的理论性能优势,有希望推动航空航天动力技术的跨越发展.本文在总结经典爆震理论和爆震推进相关的基础科学问题进展的基础上,进一步介绍了连续旋转爆震发动机的低阶模型建立方法以及涡轮式和冲压式连续旋转爆震发动机性能分析等方面的研究进展,...