基于视觉的码头集装箱AGV导引系统

根据码头环境的特殊性,提出了一个应用在码头的集装箱装卸自动导引车(A u tom atic gu ided veh icle,AGV)系统。本系统是基于视觉导引的,采用先识别,后跟踪的方式。在识别时根据识别的标志线的特点,提出了改进的Sobe l算子和可调节参数的Hough变换的方法;在跟踪时,提出了一种用自适应模糊的负反馈来改善系统识别质量和频率稳定性的思想,并应用到了该系统中。文中还提出了一种简单有效的防止图像抖动的方式,使得传送给机车控制系统的参数更加平滑、稳定。实验证明,该系统可以满足AGV在码头工作环境中的全天候工作,并且保证AGV在8 m/s的速度下,系统的识别精度在5 cm以内。     

Sensor calibration impacts on dust detection based on MODIS and VIIRS thermal emissive bands

Dust detection using remotely sensed measurements has been one of the challenging problems encountered by atmospheric scientists. MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on the Terra (T) and Aqua (A) platforms have been a versatile sensor for well over 21 and 18 years respectively, and have been extremely useful in the retrieval of aerosol information over the entire globe. The MODIS radiances from the Level 1B in general are expected to be within 5% accuracy in the reflective wavelengths and within 1% in the thermal emissive wavelengths. In this paper, we evaluate the sensitivity of previously developed dust detection technique based on thermal emissive wavelengths, which correspond to MODIS bands 20, 29, 31, and 32 respectively. The Thermal Emissive Dust Index (TEDI) performed very comparably to the traditional Aerosol Optical Thickness (AOT) retrievals by MODIS reflective channels. Since the MODIS Thermal Emissive Bands (TEB) are well calibrated on-orbit using a BlackBody (BB) source, the calibration of these long wave infrared bands is quite robust. As A-MODIS continues to perform well beyond its designed lifetime of 6 years, the instrument has undergone various levels of degradation during its mission time. As a consequence, it is imperative to check the impacts of calibration on the higher-level retrievals. In this paper, we rigorously analyze the sensitivity of TEDI due to the impact of calibration by the afore-mentioned TEB. The perturbation of the dominant (linear) calibration term demonstrated the following: first, there was a correlation in the sensitivity of the TEDI due to the uncertainty in the linear calibration term. Based on a perturbation in the linear calibration term for all aforementioned bands over a range of ±5% yielded the TEDI sensitivity to vary from approximately ?3.2% to about ?3.6%. When considering the uncertainty in each individual band significant changes were observed. The least change was observed for the perturbation in the calibration of band 20 with the TEDI sensitivity and the largest sensitivity in TEDI was observed in the perturbation of band 31 calibration. Thus, in the case of TEDI, noticeable sensitivity due to calibration uncertainty was observed in bands 29, 31, and 32, reiterating the importance of the TEB calibration in these bands. Also, the dust detection scheme based on A-MODIS was successfully transferred to the follow-on sensors such as Suomi (SNPP) and NOAA 20 (N20) VIIRS. The results presented in this paper would be extremely helpful in understanding impacts of calibration on the higher-level products for both current and future missions based on the MODIS heritage. Finally, the work also identifies the importance of radiometric fidelity in maintaining the accuracy of the dust detection. Results presented will show drastic improvement of the Saharan dust detection after the reduction of the electronic crosstalk in the 8.5 µm channel of T-MODIS.     

“天问一号”火星探测器关键任务系统设计

“天问一号”任务是我国行星探测的首次任务,在国际上首次通过一次任务实现了火星“环绕、着陆、巡视”的三步跨越.“天问一号”探测器由中国空间技术研究院负责抓总研制,包括环绕器和着陆巡视器两个组成部分.对“天问一号”探测器的任务特点和概貌进行了介绍,对包括飞行过程、远距离深空通信、火星捕获过程、火星进入下降及着陆过程、火星车解锁驶离和火面工作等关键环节的设计方案进行了描述,对“天问一号”所取得的技术成果与创新进行了总结.     

半球谐振子镀膜残余应力对品质因数影响特性分析

针对半球谐振子表面金属薄膜残余应力分布情况,对半球谐振子Q值的影响特性进行仿真。根据仿真结果,采用多自由度磁控溅射及基底均匀加热的方法进行薄膜沉积工艺试验。控制多自由度旋转机构自传、公转、摆动参数分别为7(r/min)、12(r/min)、15(°)/s,基体均匀加热至120℃,溅射时间26min后得到100nm左右的膜层厚度。在真空状态下对半球谐振子镀膜后品质因数进行检测,结果表明可有效控制镀膜后Q值衰减不大于30%。     

共振吸声结构在航空发动机上的应用进展

共振吸声结构是由穿孔面板、蜂窝及刚性背板形成的三明治夹层结构,该结构广泛应用于发动机消声短舱内,取得了良好的降噪效果。随着声学理论及制造工艺的不断进步,共振吸声结构从最初的单自由度逐步发展为多自由度甚至内嵌多自由度阶段,吸声效果也取得了较大进步。详细阐述共振吸声结构的吸声原理,并在此基础上介绍国内外发动机消声短舱的发展历程。指出发动机消声短舱的两个发展趋势及在进行短舱声衬结构的精细化设计时要考虑的细节问题,例如背景剪切流动、入射声压级、制造误差等。     

Multilevel Characteristic Basis Function Method with ACA for Accelerated Solution of Electrically Large Scattering Problems

The multilevel characteristic basis function method(MLCBFM)with the adaptive cross approximation(ACA)algorithm for accelerated solution of electrically large scattering problems is studied in this paper.In the conventional MLCBFM based on Foldy-Lax multiple scattering equations,the improvement is only made in the generation of characteristic basis functions(CBFs).However,it does not provide a change in impedance matrix filling and reducing matrix calculation procedure,which is time-consuming.In reality,all the impedance and reduced matrix of each level of the MLCBFM have low-rank property and can be calculated efficiently.Therefore,ACA is used for the efficient generation of two-level CBFs and the fast calculation of reduced matrix in this study.Numerical results are given to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the method.     

热防护系统分区协调耦合推进方法

提出一种适用于热防护系统(TPS)热控性能研究的分区协调耦合推进方法,其中采用有限体积法(FVM)进行气动热分析,FVM空间离散采用NND格式,而结构传热采用有限元法(FEM)进行分析,且在耦合面采用基于控制面的双向映射插值方法进行数据传递。进行了圆管算例分析,2 s时刻驻点处温度计算值与试验值相对误差为4.95%。研究了空天飞行器头锥TPS的热控性能,非耦合方法获得的防热瓦和应变隔离垫(SIP)最高温度分别比耦合结果高114.4 K和32.6 K,这是由于非耦合方法未考虑壁面温度升高对气动热的反馈作用,而耦合方法充分考虑了此影响。采用高热辐射率的涂层、低导热系数和较厚的防热瓦能有效提高热防护系统的隔热性能和降低主动冷却系统的功率和重量,而防热瓦最高温度对其导热系数和厚度不敏感。     

超视距雷达探测高超声速飞行器可行性分析

在前期开展再入飞行器RCS（雷达散射截面）特性试验和理论研究的基础上,对典型临近空间高超声速飞行器RCS特性开展了研究,分析了绕流和尾迹对飞行器本体RCS特性的影响。研究表明等离子体流场在头身部绕流、近尾尾迹和部分远尾尾迹的最大电子密度将远高于电离层最高电子密度,更高于典型天波超视距雷达工作频段对应的临界电子密度。因而等离子体尾迹将会对3~30 MHz频段电磁波产生较强的散射,使得等离子体尾迹的RCS远远大于飞行器本体的RCS。利用临近空间高超声速飞行器尾迹RCS的这一特点,有可能实现对临近空间高超声速飞行器的超视距探测。     

国外宇航员舱外机动装置发展综述

综述了“双子星座”和航天飞机等空间飞行器上的宇航员舱外机动装置（ＭＭＵ）的发展历程、技术特点及主要技术参数，并对其优缺点进行了分析。介绍了国外对空间站上的ＭＭＵ的设想。     

冗余设计技术在运载火箭飞行控制系统中的应用(二)

冗余容错技术是提高运载火箭飞行控制系统可靠性的重要手段。本文针对飞行控制系统的应用特点 ,对冗余技术在工程应用中需要解决的四个方面的内容 :冗余结构 ,判别准则 ,检测方法和无共因失效设计进行了论述。