Ultrastructural and geochemical characterization of Archean-Paleoproterozoic graphite particles: implications for recognizing traces of life in highly metamorphosed rocks

Abundant graphite particles occur in amphibolite-grade quartzite of the Archean-Paleoproterozoic Wutai Metamorphic Complex in the Wutaishan area of North China. Petrographic thin section observations suggest that the graphite particles occur within and between quartzite clasts and are heterogeneous in origin. Using HF maceration techniques, the Wutai graphite particles were extracted for further investigation. Laser Raman spectroscopic analysis of a population of extracted graphite discs indicated that they experienced a maximum metamorphic temperature of 513 +/- 50 degrees C, which is consistent with the metamorphic grade of the host rock and supports their indigenicity. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed that the particles bear morphological features (such as hexagonal sheets of graphite crystals) related to metamorphism and crystal growth, but a small fraction of them (graphite discs) are characterized by a circular morphology, distinct marginal concentric folds, surficial wrinkles, and complex nanostructures. Ion microprobe analysis of individual graphite discs showed that their carbon isotope compositions range from -7.4 per thousand to -35.9 per thousand V-PDB (Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite), with an average of -20.3 per thousand, which is comparable to bulk analysis of extracted carbonaceous material. The range of their size, ultrastructures, and isotopic signatures suggests that the morphology and geochemistry of the Wutai graphite discs were overprinted by metamorphism and their ultimate carbon source probably had diverse origins that included abiotic processes. We considered both biotic and abiotic origins of the carbon source and graphite disc morphologies and cannot falsify the possibility that some circular graphite discs characterized by marginal folds and surficial wrinkles represent deflated, compressed, and subsequently graphitized organic-walled vesicles. Together with reports by other authors of acanthomorphic acritarchs from greenschist-amphibolite-grade metamorphic rocks, this study suggests that it is worthwhile to examine carbonaceous materials preserved in highly metamorphosed rocks for possible evidence of ancient life.     

直接统计模拟位置元方法中的分子表面反射确定论判据

在直接模拟Ｍｏｎｔｅ－Ｃａｒｌｏ（ＤＳＭＣ）方法的位置元方法中准确判断分子是否与某一表面元相撞,直接关系着气动力热的计算精度,是方法需要解决的关键问题。本文发展的分子表面反射判据,使这个问题得到了有效的解决。此外,还讨论了分子空间位置坐标的记录方法、分子碰撞对的极限距离、网格自适应等实际模拟技术。与圆球自由分子流准确解和过渡领域贴体网格ＤＳＭＣ模拟结果的比较,证明了上述判据和技术的有效性。     

表面粗糙度的光学测量方法

表面粗糙度的光学测量方法,具有非接触、精度高和响应快等优点,致使研究十分引人注目,发展极快。本文简单介绍了几种典型的光学测量原理和方法及一些商品化的仪器。     

直升机着舰纵向下滑控制系统仿真研究

采用ＬＱＧ／ＬＴＲ方法设计了直升机着舰纵向下滑控制系统,其中包括建立直升机增广系统的数学模型,确定控制器的频域范围匐棒性边界条件,反馈回路的设计和回路传递函数在输出端的恢复。在给出该控制系统仿真框图的基础上,利用仿真软件进行数字仿真。最后,对仿真结果中直升机高度、速度随机－舰距离和时间的变化曲线进行了分析,得到了一些有工程应用价值的研究结果。     

Re对γ′相粗化行为的影响

研究了三种不同Re含量 (wt % )的新型单晶高温合金 (DD6 0Re合金 ,DD6 1Re合金 ,DD6 2Re合金 )在 110 0℃下的γ′粗化动力学。结果表明 ,Re可以有效地阻碍γ′相的粗化 ,提高γ′相的粗化激活能 ,从而可以Re改善单晶高温合金的高温力学性能     

基于故障树的某型飞机电源BIT分析

对飞机机电系统进行机内自检测（ＢＩＴ）设计和研究已提上日程,本文提出了以故障树（ＦＴ）为基础的某型飞机电源系统故障分析方法,对欠压、欠频两种典型故障进行了故障树分析,最后对我国电源ＢＩＴ技术的发展方向提出了建议。     

血管壁重新构型的研究

静脉移植后,血压的突然增加导致静脉血管的重新构型.在管壁应力计算技术的基础 上,引入生长势能函数,对血管重新构型的过程进行计算分析.结果表明,在重新构型的最 初阶段,血管壁内的应力变化最为剧烈,周向长度和壁厚都有生长.随着时间的逐渐推移, 应力分布的变化和几何尺寸的变化幅度逐渐减小,血管壁厚度的增加速度也渐渐放慢.这表 明,血管壁内部的应力是导致血管发生重新构型的极其重要的因素.      

海洋监视卫星无源被动定位精度分析

分析了利用三星编队卫星对海上目标进行无源侦察、监视的原理,建立了利用时差定位法进行定位的精度模型,在此基础上推导了卫星对目标的定位精度与卫星编队构型、轨道高度、与目标的相对位置及卫星定轨精度和测量误差的关系。对模型进行了仿真计算和分析,仿真结果表明:合理增加卫星间的基线长度,保持卫星编队构型及其与目标间相对位置的均匀性可以有效提高卫星对目标的定位精度。     

多电飞机容错作动系统拓扑结构分析

针对多电飞机电力作动系统,提出永磁容错电机及其容错驱动控制的拓扑结构,探讨系统的电气故障模式,研究防止故障传播的电、磁、热隔离设计,在理论上给出了容错电机相数的选取方法,采用独立的同轴电机组件实现高冗余系统。研究结果表明:电机、功率变换器和供电通道均采用以相为基本单位的模块化拓扑结构可实现多电飞机对作动系统的高容错要求。     

基于嵌入式汇编角位移变换器的设计

为满足飞行器舵机轴角位移信号测量、变换及数字传输，研制了一种嵌入式汇编角位移变换器。该变换器可接收中心程序指令，启动单片机微控制器，按照时序要求采集角位移传感器的输出信号，经过信号处理后进行数字化传输。通过产品研制，提高了产品的线性度，使这一重要性能指标达到0.05%，优于飞行器系统0.14%的使用要求。