Production of neutrons from interactions of GCR-like particles

In order to help assess the risk to astronauts due to the long-term exposure to the natural radiation environment in space, an understanding of how the primary radiation field is changed when passing through shielding and tissue materials must be obtained. One important aspect of the change in the primary radiation field after passing through shielding materials is the production of secondary particles from the breakup of the primary. Neutrons are an important component of the secondary particle field due to their relatively high biological weighting factors, and due to their relative abundance, especially behind thick shielding scenarios. Because of the complexity of the problem, the estimation of the risk from exposure to the secondary neutron field must be handled using calculational techniques. However, those calculations will need an extensive set of neutron cross section and thicktarget neutron yield data in order to make an accurate assessment of the risk. In this paper we briefly survey the existing neutron-production data sets that are applicable to the space radiation transport problem, and we point out how neutron production from protons is different than neutron production from heavy ions. We also make comparisons of one the heavy-ion data sets with Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck (BUU) calculations.     

一种利用剩磁标定的星光/磁测备份自主导航方法

针对空间机动平台GNSS导航系统易受干扰的缺陷,提出一种基于剩磁标定的磁测/星光备份的自主导航方案。当GNSS信号完好时,利用GNSS高精度测量信息和磁强计/星敏带剩磁干扰的联合测量信息不仅可实时估计出机动平台导航参数,同时准确标定出运行环境的剩余磁场强度;当GNSS信号受干扰中断时,在剩磁准确标定的基础上启用磁场/星光备份自主导航方案完成机动平台的导航参数实时估计。由仿真结果可知,当GNSS信号正常时该导航方案具备较高的剩磁标定精度,三轴标定误差为0.026nT,0.293nT,0.107nT;而当GNSS信号受干扰时,备份导航方案三轴位置估计误差为87.3m,172.5m,65.2m,三轴速度估计误差为0.78m/s,0.86m/s, 1.04m/s。 仿真结果表明该方案具备较强的可行性。     

美国改进型一次性运载火箭发展概况

介绍美国新一代运载火箭系列的研制计划。该计划的目的是替代重型“大力神”、中型“德尔它”和“宇宙神”运载火箭系列，使成本降低到现有运载火箭的２５％～５０％。改进型一次性使用运载火箭的第一次发射预定在２００１年。     

POGO蓄压器变频降幅特性分析

论述纵向耦合振动（POGO）蓄压器的变频降幅特性，指出其主要影响因素是蓄压器容积及连接管路的液阻，根据输送管路的特定频率，选择适当的蓄压器容积，使其固有频率与特定管路的压力脉动频率相一致，可以获得预期的变频降幅效果。给出了蓄压器的变频降幅试验研究结果，可为POGO蓄压器的设计，研制，使得提供参考。     

基于自适应谱估计的跳频捕获技术

提出了一种基于谱估计的跳频(FH, Frequency Hopping)信号的捕获方法,建立了自回归自适应谱估计模型和算法,通过计算信号频谱估计了跳频信号的瞬时频率.当频率估计存在偏差时,为了避免错误判决,实现稳健捕获,给出了一种新的捕获逻辑.在高斯白噪声( AWGN, Additive-White Gaussian Noise)环境和瑞利(Rayleigh)衰落环境下,对不同天线阵元数目情况下的捕获性能包括平均捕获时间和误码率进行了数值仿真.仿真结果表明:谱估计算法能快速准确地估计出信号频率,实现跳频信号的快速捕获.      

一种机器人球腕的模型优化方法

许多机器人的共同特点是在操作臂末端安装了球腕.球腕是机器人上一个重要的独立结构,它的静态误差必然影响操作臂末端执行器的位姿精度.以机器人末端的球腕作为独立的研究对象,在静态误差分析的基础上,提出了一个评价球腕精度的综合指标.根据这一指标建立优化模型,对存在静态误差的球腕模型进行优化,从而建立新的球腕运动学模型.应用新模型进行运动学及动力学解算,可以减小机器人球腕的位姿误差,特别是减小具有较大静态误差的机器人球腕的位姿误差.通过对机器人球腕进行的局部优化,整个机器人末端执行器的运动精度将在一定程度上有所提高.      

A high-performance ground-based prototype of horn-type sequential vegetable production facility for life support system in space

Vegetable cultivation plays a crucial role in dietary supplements and psychosocial benefits of the crew during manned space flight. Here we developed a ground-based prototype of horn-type sequential vegetable production facility, named Horn-type Producer (HTP), which was capable of simulating the microgravity effect and the continuous cultivation of leaf–vegetables on root modules. The growth chamber of the facility had a volume of 0.12 m³, characterized by a three-stage space expansion with plant growth. The planting surface of 0.154 m² was comprised of six ring-shaped root modules with a fibrous ion-exchange resin substrate. Root modules were fastened to a central porous tube supplying water, and moved forward with plant growth. The total illuminated crop area of 0.567 m² was provided by a combination of red and white light emitting diodes on the internal surfaces. In tests with a 24-h photoperiod, the productivity of the HTP at 0.3 kW for lettuce achieved 254.3 g eatable biomass per week. Long-term operation of the HTP did not alter vegetable nutrition composition to any great extent. Furthermore, the efficiency of the HTP, based on the Q-criterion, was 7 × 10⁻⁴ g² m⁻³ J⁻¹. These results show that the HTP exhibited high productivity, stable quality, and good efficiency in the process of planting lettuce, indicative of an interesting design for space vegetable production.     

利用导弹制导误差补偿规律修正不完全弹道测量的数据融合技术

论述不完全弹道测量的数据融合处理问题。在惯性器件天地关系一致的前提下,导弹惯性器件误差补偿量变化规律,就反映了飞行中制导工具误差的变化规律,即遥外差的变化规律。因此,可以利用补偿量视速度的变化规律约束条件,内插出不完全测量段落的遥外差数据,在建立节省参数的弹道估计的联合模型基础上,融合少量的高精度测元来解算弹道参数。落点验算表明：利用该方法计算的落点接近实际落点。     

DS/FH混合扩频快速捕获技术的研究

在DSFFH混合扩频通信系统中,快速捕获是一个非常关键的技术。通过采用快速扫描和等待式相结合的方法用来实现跳频信号的快速捕获,利用神经网络技术实现直扩信号的快速捕获,通过这2种方式,就可实现DSFFH混合扩频的快速捕获。     

死亡是生命的必然归宿

本文根据物质系统演化的规律，平衡原理及熵理论，阐述了死亡是生命系统演化的必然归宿。