Dual spacecraft observations of energetic particles in the vicinity of the magnetopause,bow shock,and the interplanetary medium

This article presents some of the new and important particle features that have been detected in the energy range 1 keV to 290 keV by the ISEE-1 and -2 spacecraft near the magnetopause, bow shock, and the interplanetary space. Only examples of data from the first few orbits, when the spacecraft were on the front side, are shown.Paper presented at 13th ESLAB Symposium, Innsbruck, Austria (June 5, 1978).     

Scanning Spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar with Integrated Radiometer

Spaceborne synthetic aperture radar systems are severely constrained to a narrow swath by ambiguity limitations. Here a vertically scanned-beam synthetic aperture system (SCANSAR) is proposed as a solution to this problem. The potential length of synthetic aperture must be shared between beam positions, so the along-track resolution is poorer; a direct tradeoff exists between resolution and swath width. The length of the real aperture is independently traded against the number of scanning positions. Design curves and equations are presented for spaceborne SCANSARs for altitudes between 400 and 1400 km and inner angles of incidence between 20° and 40°. When the real antenna is approximately square, it may also be used for a microwave radiometer. The combined radiometer and synthetic-aperture (RADISAR) should be useful for those applications where the poorer resolution of the radiometer is useful for some purposes, but the finer resolution of the radar is needed for others.     

基于数据融合树的C3I信息融合系统体系结构设计

 在分析了基于范例的体系结构-数据融合树的基本概念及其不足之处的基础上,提出了基于数据融合树的信息融合系统体系结构设计方法,论述了该方法的原理,并应用该方法进行了C³I信息融合系统的体系结构设计,包括数据融合树的设计、融合节点体系结构设计、处理系统的体系结构设计和并行处理结构设计。     

数值法修正雷达高仰角动态滞后误差研究

脉冲雷达在高仰角跟踪过程中存在不容忽视的动态滞后误差,该类误差的存在严重影响到雷达数据处理和弹/轨道精密确定。目前外测数据处理领域采用的基于误差电压和定向灵敏度的动态滞后误差修正模型,修正效果不理想。本文提出了一种用数值法修正雷达高仰角动态滞后误差的方法,并用任务实测数据进行了模型验证,结果显示这种方法能有效地降低动态滞后引起的误差。     

Optimal assimilation for ionospheric weather – Theoretical aspect

Observation, specification and prediction of ionospheric weather are the key scientific pursuits of space physicists, which largely based on an optimal assimilation system. The optimal assimilation system, or commonly called data assimilation system, consists of dynamic process, observation system and optimal estimation procedure. We attempt to give a complete framework in this paper under which the data assimilation procedure carries through. We discuss some crucial issues of data assimilation as follows: modeling a dynamic system for ionospheric weather; state estimation for static or steady system in sense of optimization and likelihood; state and its uncertainty estimation for dynamic process. Meanwhile we also discuss briefly the observability of an observation system; system parameter identification. Some data assimilation procedures existed at present are reviewed in the framework of this paper. As an example, a second order dynamic system is discussed in more detail to illustrate the specific optimal assimilation procedure, ranging from modeling the system, state and its uncertainty calculation, to the quantitatively integration of dynamic law, measurement to significantly reduce the estimation error. The analysis shows that the optimal assimilation model, with mathematical core of optimal estimation, differs from the theoretical, empirical and semi-empirical models in assimilating measured data, being constrained by physical law and being optimized respectively. The data assimilation technique, due to its optimization and integration feature, could obtain better accurate results than those obtained by dynamic process, measurement or their statistical analysis alone. The model based on optimal assimilation meets well with the criterion of the model or algorithm assessment by ‘space weather metrics’. More attention for optimal assimilation procedure creation should be paid to transition matrix finding, which is usually not easy for practical space weather system. High performance computing hardware and software studies should be promoted further so as to meet the requirement of large storage and extensive computation in the optimal estimation. The discussion in this paper is appropriate for the static or steady state or transition process of dynamic system. Many phenomena in space environment are unstable and chaos. So space environment study should include and integrate these two branches of learning. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

碳纤维表面特性对防热材料烧蚀性能影响的研究

为了提高碳／酚醛防热材料的烧蚀性能，着重对碳纤维的表面特性进行了分析研究。结果表明，碳纤维的表面状态对防热材料烧蚀性能有很大的影响，其中主要的影响因素是纤维的捻度和浆料。为了改善材料在高状态试验条件下的烧蚀性能，降低纤维的捻度和上浆量是必需的。     

顾客满意指数的结构方程模型与应用

分析了经典的顾客满意指数的结构关系模型的基本原理;结合企业顾客满意指数测评的实际案例,给出了结合偏最小二乘回归(PLS)方法的顾客满意指数测评的线性结构关系(LISREL)路径分析的实施途径。此外,还通过控制某些中间变量的作用,研究了原因变量对结果变量影响作用分解的一般模式。     

基于超声研磨的超精密加工

在分析现有利用新原理的超精密研磨方法的基础上,提出了基于超声研磨的超精密加工方法,阐述了超声研磨的基本工作原理和特点,并进行了初步的对比试验研究。     

浇注温度对K4169高温合金晶粒组织影响的计算机模拟

利用Fortran语言编程,采用有限差分法分别解用热焓法处理结晶潜热的圆柱坐标系一维不稳定热传导方程,模拟了K4169高温合金圆柱锭某一横截面凝固过程中温度的变化,它正确地反映了在不同铸造工艺条件下合金铸件横截面上温度的变化规律。通过固相分数,将合金铸件凝固温度场模拟及其连续形核模型、枝晶尖端生长的动力学模型相耦合,计算了不同浇注温度下K4169高温合金圆柱锭凝固过程中晶粒组织的特征值,包括晶粒密度和平均晶粒尺寸,并参考二维CellularAutomaton方法,实现了在计算机屏幕上晶粒形成的动态显示,模拟结果和实验结果吻合较好。     

磨料水射流切割的技术特征和工艺特征

分析了磨料水射流(AWJ)在难加工材料切割中切割断面、切缝和工艺参数影响等技术特征,提出从切割起点孔、直线段和曲线段的加工工艺改进来保证其切割质量。