颞骨蜂房气化程度对血管性耳鸣的影响

为了研究颞骨蜂房气化程度与血管性耳鸣之间的生物力学关系,本文基于典型的血管性耳鸣患者的数据进行了计算分析。首先,基于血管性耳鸣患者CT图像分别建立颞骨蜂房的基础气化和过度气化2种气化程度的三维几何模型。然后,将三维几何模型分别导入Hypermesh软件中并以四面体单元进行网格划分,生成可计算的三维有限元(FE)模型。再将三维有限元模型导入Virtual.Lab Acoustics软件中,加载相同速度边界条件,计算模型的声压幅值响应。最后,以前庭处检测的声压幅值作为计算结果。由2个模型生物力学数值模拟计算的结果,可以发现频率为250 Hz时经气化模型产生的声压幅值比基础模型的值低3.02 dB。经过气化模型产生的声压幅值小于基础模型,且在相同频率下2个模型间的声压幅值差异可被血管性耳鸣患者察觉。这一结论可以尝试为临床创新治疗血管性耳鸣提供新的理论依据。      

智能赋能流体力学展望

人工智能（AI）是21世纪的前沿科技,流体力学如何在智能化时代焕发青春是值得本领域研究者思考的话题。从智能赋能流体力学角度,就其研究内涵、研究内容、近期研究及难点进行了总结,并对智能流体力学未来的发展进行了展望。研究指出,流体力学计算或试验中所产生的数据是天生的大数据,如何通过深度神经网络、随机森林、强化学习等机器学习方法来利用这些数据,缓解甚至替代理论和方法层面对人脑的依赖,挖掘新的知识,成为一种新的研究范式;相关研究将涵盖流动控制方程的机器学习、湍流模型的机器学习、物理量纲分析与标度的智能化以及数值模拟方法的智能化;借助人工智能技术,发展流动信息特征提取与多源数据融合的智能化是流体力学发展的迫切需求;研究内容应至少涵盖海量数据挖掘方法以及多源气动数据的智能融合;发展数据驱动的流体力学多学科、多物理场耦合建模与控制是工程应用的迫切需求,相关工作涉及多场耦合建模、气动外形智能优化设计以及流动智能自适应控制等方面。     

一种薄壁悬臂叶片数控加工非均匀余量刚度补偿方法

 在数控加工过程中,因受到切削力的影响,薄壁悬臂叶片容易出现弯曲、扭转变形等问题而导致被加工曲面误差较大。针对该问题,提出了一种非均匀余量刚度补偿方法,将非均匀余量偏置面作为粗加工/半精加工零件面以提高叶片精加工时的抗弯刚度。首先,分析了集中力载荷下截面厚度对薄壁工件变形的影响;然后,对叶片径向和截面线方向分别采用线性变化和正弦函数变化两种方法进行叶片曲面非均匀余量刚度补偿设计;最后,基于叶片原始截面线,采用放样法构造出叶片曲面的非均匀余量偏置面。试验结果表明,采用非均匀余量刚度补偿方法可以提高被加工叶片精加工时的刚度,加工出的叶片满足了设计误差要求。     

基于光谱分析技术的磨损故障监测

采用转盘电极式原子发射光谱分析技术,监测某型燃气轮机传动润滑系统磨损状况的发展变化趋势,及时诊断早期磨损故障.为确保光谱分析技术监测的准确性,着重研究了环境温度波动、标准曲线细化、样品黏度以及磨损颗粒尺寸等主要因素对测量结果的影响,并简要阐述了光谱分析技术的基本原理.经大量研究试验表明:光谱分析技术能够提前预报燃气轮机传动润滑系统可能发生的磨损故障,是油液状态监控的1种有效手段.     

Libration point orbits for lunar global positioning systems

With the development of lunar exploration, a lunar global positioning system (LGPS) is demanded for both on-ground and in-flight lunar exploration missions. The traditional configuration of constellation requires at least eighteen satellites to cover the whole lunar surface continuously. In this paper, the configurations of the libration point orbits (LPOs) constellations are investigated. By using the constellations on the Earth–Moon _L1$L_1$ and _L2$L_2$ LPOs, the basic functions of the LGPS can be realized by using eight to fourteen satellites. First, the LPO and the combinations of LPOs, which can be used in the constellations of the LGPS, are investigated. The criteria and procedures of the configuration design are introduced. Second, the configurations of LPOs constellations are investigated in the Earth–Moon circular-restricted three-body problem (CR3BP). The size of the LPOs and the distribution of the satellites on these LPOs are determined by using an exhaustive algorithm and a global optimization method, respectively. The key performance parameters of these constellations are computed. Third, the constellations with good performance in the CR3BP are redesigned in the more accurate Earth–Moon based Sun-perturbed bicircular four-body problem (B4BP). Moreover, in order to avoid the ground coverage problem caused by the perturbation of the Sun, some modifications are implemented, and the configuration of the no blind area LGPS in the B4BP is obtained.     

An improved approach to model regional ionosphere and accelerate convergence for precise point positioning

Given the severe effects of the ionosphere on global navigation satellite system (GNSS) signals, single-frequency (SF) precise point positioning (PPP) users can only achieve decimeter-level positioning results. Ionosphere-free combinations can eliminate the majority of ionospheric delay, but increase observation noise and slow down dual-frequency (DF) PPP convergence. In this paper, we develop a regional ionosphere modeling and rapid convergence approach to improve SF PPP (SFPPP) accuracy and accelerate DF PPP (DFPPP) convergence speed. Instead of area model, ionospheric delay is modeled for each satellite to be used as a priori correction. With the ionospheric, wide-lane uncalibrated phase delay (UPD) and residuals satellite DCBs product, the wide-lane observations for DF users change to be high-precision pseudorange observations. The validation of a continuously operating reference station (CORS) network was analyzed. The experimental results confirm that the approach considerably improves the accuracy of SFPPP. For DF users, convergence time is substantially reduced.     

考虑应力松弛的涡扇发动机高压涡轮持久寿命可靠性

建立了考虑应力松弛的持久寿命可靠性分析方法及公式。采用3维接触有限元模型,获得涡轮盘叶弹塑性应力应变场,筛选了某高压涡轮的危险部位。对涡轮危险部位进行了考虑应力松弛影响的持久寿命可靠性分析。分析结果表明所建立的分析方法及公式具有足够高的精度。在涡轮部件持久寿命可靠性分析时采用考虑蠕变松弛的概率寿命分析方法是非常重要的。     

GA-BP神经网络在航空发动机状态监测中的应用研究

针对航空发动机状态监测问题,引入人工神经网络为发动机复杂非线性系统建立精确模型;选择以GA-BP贝叶斯算法作为神经网络训练算法,建立优化设计近似模型;以发动机排气温度的预测为例,构建了一个GA-BP神经网络对航空发动机状态进行预测。结果表明,GA-BP神经网络收敛速度快,泛化能力强,优于标准BP神经网络,因而为航空发动机状态监测提供了一种有效的方法。     

同应力多危险部位失效相关轮盘疲劳寿命可靠度分析方法

提出了考虑失效相关性的同应力多危险部位轮盘应变疲劳寿命可靠度分析方法.引入广义强度和广义应力建立轮盘应变疲劳寿命可靠性模型,采用H-L法计算轮盘单失效部位可靠度.针对发动机轮盘常存在同应力多危险部位的特点,当考虑多失效部位相关性时,采用HohenbichlerM积分法对轮盘疲劳寿命可靠度进行计算.最后通过某轮盘应变疲劳寿命分析说明该方法的有效性.探讨了轮盘失效功能函数相关系数和应变寿命模型中材料随机变量相关系数关系,以及轮盘失效功能函数相关系数和轮盘疲劳概率寿命规律.      

Lumped element modelling of synthetic jet actuators

In this paper, a lumped element model of synthetic jet actuator is presented and used to predict the temporal variation of the jet velocity. Unlike the previous model reported in the literature, in this model the mechanical movement of the diaphragm is decoupled from the fluid phenomenon in the actuator cavity to allow the modelling of fluid mechanics aspect of the actuator to be investigated and validated separately. Furthermore, the “minor losses” occurring at the orifice exit is included and linked to the jet exit velocity profile. The results from this model are validated using the existing experimental data and CFD simulations. It is found that this model is capable of predicting the temporal variation of synthetic jets both in phase and magnitude when the actuator is operating away from the Helmholtz resonance frequency. Although the model fails to predict the correct phase information at the Helmholtz resonance frequency, it can still produce the jet peak velocity that is in good agreement with the experimental data. The lumped element model presented in this paper can be used to provide a reliable prediction of the jet peak velocity needed in the initial design of synthetic jet actuators for practical applications.